Canada's Cervical Cancer Crisis: Failing Immigrant Women in Access to Lifesaving Screening

By Leisha Toory, Director of Sexual Health and Reproductive Rights

As we commemorate Cervical Cancer Awareness Month in January, it is crucial to address the pressing issue surrounding cervical cancer, ranking as the third most prevalent preventable reproductive cancer among Canadian women and remains a formidable public health challenge. In 2017, approximately 1550 Canadian women were projected to develop cervical cancer, resulting in 400 deaths. While Canada boasts a five-year relative survival rate of 74% for cervical cancer, this figure escalates to 93% when diagnosed in stage I-A, plunging to a distressing 15% in location IV-B.

Screening is a crucial tool for secondary prevention, enabling the early detection of cancer before symptoms manifest. This early detection translates into less aggressive treatments, shorter recovery times, and heightened survival rates, effectively reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. Notably, the primary impact of screening lies in identifying precancerous changes and addressing them before progression to cancer. Women treated for precancerous cervix conditions generally experience excellent outcomes and can avoid developing cervical cancer. Initiated in the 1960s, cervical cancer screening in Canada has played a pivotal role in diminishing the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and mortality rates. Mortality rates consistently declined by 2.8% annually between 1992 and 2008 following widespread implementation of cervical cancer screening.

However, despite the advantages of cervical cancer screening and the accessibility of provincially covered healthcare in Canada, ensuring reasonable access to medically necessary services without out-of-pocket expenses, a critical concern persists. Immigrant women, constituting 20.6% of the total population, continue to be underscreened. This disparity raises significant health concerns, especially considering Canada's ongoing influx of thousands of new immigrants annually.

Economic barriers form a substantial impediment to cervical cancer screening. Low socioeconomic status and insufficient income have been identified as significant hurdles. Despite publicly funded healthcare access in Canada, immigrant women face challenges in affording screening tests due to associated costs, transportation difficulties, and childcare issues. Hourly wage earners, predominantly women from low socioeconomic backgrounds, experience income loss when taking time off work for healthcare provider visits for screening tests. Some Chinese immigrant women even perceive screening as an inefficient use of government resources.

Inadequate reimbursement for physicians completing Pap tests contributes to the low screening rate, compounding the economic barriers faced by immigrant women. Healthcare providers recognize poverty as a significant influence on screening, considering it a lower priority for immigrant populations facing other critical challenges.

Healthcare system-related barriers, particularly from the patient's perspective, are centred around the lack of acceptable healthcare providers, with a preference for female physicians. Patients express greater comfort discussing Pap tests with female physicians. The absence of physicians' recommendations for screening tests further hinders the screening process. Additionally, immigrants encounter difficulties due to scheduling complexities, limited office hours, long waiting times, and challenges in accessing culturally and linguistically appropriate information.

Language barriers compound the issue, hindering immigrant women from effectively communicating in English or French. The lack of fluency in official languages impedes access to healthcare services, scheduling appointments, and engaging in discussions with healthcare providers.

Lack of knowledge is a significant barrier among immigrant women. Difficulties in accessing or navigating the healthcare system, limited understanding of cervical cancer and its risk factors, and misconceptions about the disease contribute to this barrier. Insufficient knowledge of disease prevention and health promotion, coupled with a lack of explanation from healthcare providers, leads to the perception that Pap tests are unnecessary.

In conclusion, while Canada has made strides in cervical cancer screening, significant disparities persist, particularly affecting immigrant women. Economic, healthcare system-related, language, and knowledge-related barriers collectively impede women's equitable access to screening services. Urgent and targeted interventions are required to address these disparities and ensure that all Canadian women have equal opportunities for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.

Leisha Toory is the founder of the Period Priority Project, the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Director with the Young Canadians Roundtable on Health, and an Honors in Political Science undergraduate at the University of Ottawa.

New Year Does Not Mean a New You

By Laetitia Satam, General Member

Let’s face it - we’ve all felt the pressure of the “New Year, new me” mantra. Why do we preach self-love all year long, yet there is an annual urge to undergo a drastic “transformation” of ourselves annually? Why do we discredit all the hard work we’ve already invested? The truth is, the new year does not have to equate to a new you. There is no reason for the new year to signify a new version of ourselves.

Now, I don’t want to say you shouldn’t have goals. If you’ve been making strides all year, the new year can motivate you to keep that momentum going! If you want to make healthy changes, go for it! Healthy growth is essential, and a new year can feel like a catalyst for making these changes. We do not need influencers and corporations telling us what changes we have to make, how to make them, or the stress of making these changes at an unsustainable pace. From toxic diet culture to consumerism, the new year is shifting from a time to enjoy with friends and family, to an isolating place of “transformation”.

Surveys have found that 59% of young adults (18-34), as opposed to only 19% of adults older than 55, a report setting a New Year resolution; even though being a young adult is already a stressful time full of growth, major life changes and developments. This could mean specific, possibly vulnerable populations being targeted to change themselves when they did not even want to or being pushed to make drastic changes in an unhealthy way. When you consider social media and advertisements' role in New Year's resolutions, it is no wonder younger audiences are also targeted. For young adults already navigating a rapidly changing world, the pressure of having new goals you “have” to achieve can be stressful. Studies have also shown that countries like the USA and Canada tend to set more resolutions, especially compared to our Western European and Nordic counterparts, at 37%, as opposed to 12-14% (Davis, 2023). This hints towards a difference in lifestyles; Western European and Nordic countries have consistently been found to be happier and healthier (Grenier 2016). This is partly due to their consistent healthy lifestyle, not sudden waves of needing to change their lifestyles. It’s not enough to change your life for a few weeks in January but then find it so challenging to maintain you have to revert your goals. The goal should be to make small, sustainable changes without rash decisions. It is the small decisions that compound into significant changes. Your social environment also has a lot to do with it; if you surround yourself with people making these quick and rash goals without a long-term game plan to be successful, it can ultimately be detrimental to your health. As many European countries see increasing health and lifestyle outcomes reflected in Canada and the USA, I wonder if they’ll also see increasing rates of New Year's resolutions.

Others have found it is not detrimental to creating a goal but rather the plan's scope and where it stems from (Baksh 2021). For example, simply saying you want to get “into shape” is quite broad, with no set point of what getting into shape means, while having a goal of running a 5k is something where it is easy to measure your progress. Furthermore, these goals can become detrimental if rooted in a place of self-loathing or poor self-image.

Convincing yourself that there is something about you that is “wrong” or that you have to “fix” can be detrimental to your mental health. Instead, I would advise you to have goals that allow you to be happy with who you are. If you have negative self-talk or become obsessed with your plan, talking to your loved ones about how you are feeling and reassessing your goal may be beneficial.

The narrative of “New Year, New Me” continues to be harmfully propagated, but it does not mean we should belittle those who do want to use the New Year to set some goals. I want to touch on the shame people receive from others when they try to achieve a new purpose. Many long-time gym goers will complain when the January rush hits, but I want to challenge people to channel those frustrations into support. We were all new to the gym at one point, and for some people, that support may help them see the gym as a life-long habit. Surveys have shown that 48% of people put fitness as their top New Year's resolution, making it the most common New Year's resolution and showing that health is a focus for many people. I think this is wonderful and that it can be inspiring. Health encompasses many aspects of health, including physical and mental health.

Ultimately, health comprises the millions of small decisions we make daily. For those looking for a New Year’s Resolution, I advise looking into the various aspects of health and the small things you can do to make yourself happier.

Regardless of whether you are setting a New Year resolution, the YCRH hopes everyone steps into the new year feeling energized and ready to tackle another year! If you are feeling under pressure this holiday season, please know you are not alone and that there are many resources out there if you need support.

References

Baksh, Justin. “New Year’s Resolutions May Harm Your Mental Health... 5 Things to Do Instead - Foundation Wellness.” Foundation Wellness, 2021, foundationswellness.net/mental-health/new-years-resolutions-harmful-to-your-mental-health-5-things-to-do-instead/.

Davis, Sarah. “New Year’s Resolutions Statistics 2023.” Forbes Health, 11 Jan. 2023, www.forbes.com/health/mind/new-years-resolutions-statistics/.

Grenier, Matthew. “How Healthy Are Europeans?” ILCUK, 9 Sept. 2016, ilcuk.org.uk/how-healthy-are-europeans-2/. Accessed 23 Dec. 2023

How to Eat to Support Planetary Health (and your own)!

By Laetitia Satam, General Member

As concerns regarding climate change begin to rise, it is no surprise that people are turning to sustainable diet options. This means choosing foods that are less resource intensive, which are better and more tolerable for the planet, while also promoting health.

What is a planetary diet? A planetary diet is sustainable for the Earth in the long term and can also feed everyone. It is estimated that by 2050, there will be 10 billion people on the Earth, and with 1 ⁄ 3 of people already experiencing hunger, that is a lot of mouths to feed. The world is already experiencing hunger levels that have not been seen since 2005, showing a backslide in solving the world's hunger problem. So, what is a sustainable diet, and how can it solve these issues?

A sustainable diet is plant-based. Now, I first want to say that a plant-based diet does NOT mean a vegetarian or vegan diet. A plant-based diet can still incorporate animal-based protein sources in smaller proportions and less frequently. It is also important to note that many diets outside the Western diet already follow these practices. Traditional Chinese and Japanese diets (along with many other cultures) make meat a side dish to the main vegetable-based dish. The Western diet also heavily consumes red meat, such as beef, and while red meat is healthy in moderation, raising cow herds requires a lot of resources, such as land and water. Plant-based foods also offer fibre (which many Canadians do not get enough of), multiple vitamins and minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which promote heart health.

While plant-based foods are healthy and more sustainable, I also want to take time here to highlight that the meat and dairy industry is aware of their impact on the environment. Canadian Dairy Farmers of Canada created ProAction, standards all Canadian Dairy Farmers must abide by, including environmental sustainability. Canadian Dairy Farmers are investing in things like bioreactors to convert methane (the greenhouse gas that cows emit, which is one of their most significant concerns in terms of global warming) into energy to fuel farms, breeding cows that produce the least amount of methane while producing the most milk and working to reduce the amount of land and water that cows need. Dairy cows also contribute to only about 1% of carbon emissions in Canada, so I think it is important to remember not to demonize any one industry. Instead, it is a collection of industry trends that play a role in global warming. However, the number one cause of deforestation is to grow feed for cows. This has become a massive concern for countries in South America and includes the deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest. Cows have the worst feed conversion ratio when you look at the feed conversion rate (how much feed and water need to be provided to an animal to yield meat). Even options like fish, although very healthy, are not sustainable due to the vast overfishing of our oceans, ruining marine ecosystems. By eating a sustainable diet, we are protecting the Earth and ensuring we can work to use our land to feed everyone.

Making a conscious, informed decision means knowing as many facts as possible. Ultimately, the key is consuming everything in moderation. Regarding health, red meat has many nutrition benefits, such as bioavailable heme iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and more. However, since red meat contains so much heme iron when consumed in excess, heme iron is a pro-oxidant that leads to inflammatory responses and free radicals accumulating in the body, which can lead to plaque buildup and atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular disease. Cow’s milk is an excellent source of bioavailable calcium, and just three servings a day can bring you to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for calcium while also providing vitamin D, which most Canadians are deficient in. Plant-based beverages advertised as milk in Canada must also be fortified to meet the same nutritional quality as cow’s milk.

A sustainable, plant-based diet can also mean being open to and incorporating more whole, plant-based protein sources, such as tofu, tempeh, or natto. Soy protein sources are complete proteins that contain all the essential amino acids your body needs in the correct quantities. These can also be easy swaps - consider making tofu scrambles instead of scrambled eggs for breakfast! Try having meatless meals or even meatless days a few times a week. Make animal-based proteins a minor part of your diet, and when possible, swap them out with whole, plant-based proteins. Even when choosing other plant-based proteins like beans and legumes, pairing them with grains like rice creates a complementary protein which can still meet your essential amino acid needs.

Whole, plant-based proteins are emphasized because ultra-processed meat analogues (think “fake” meat) are not part of a sustainable diet. There is a vast difference between making a homemade bean burger and buying a Beyond Burger at the grocery store. While Beyond Burgers is vegan, just because something is vegan does not make it healthy. When comparing the nutritional information of a Beyond Burger to a regular beef burger, they are comparable nutritionally, although the Beyond Burger has more salt. It should also be noted that the protein from a Beyond Burger may not be as bioavailable (one breakthrough solution to this thought has been using soy leghemoglobin in Impossible Meat, which is bioavailable! This is relatively new on the market, and I, for one, am interested to see how it will change consumer preference to plant-based analogues). Ultra-processed foods can also be unsustainable because of the packaging and transportation behind these foods, as opposed to whole foods that usually do not require as much packaging and minimal transport when purchased locally. A sustainable diet promotes shopping locally and eating foods that are in season if this option is available to you.

Outside of supporting planetary health, ultra-processed foods have countless detrimental health effects. From being high in added sugars to excess sodium, a high consumption of ultra-processed foods has been linked to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and more. Ultra-processed foods are making up more and more of the Western diet, which has detrimental health effects. As for developing countries that are also beginning to adapt to a Western diet, these health effects can significantly burden their healthcare system, which is not equipped to deal with all these chronic diseases. That is why a sustainable diet can be linked back to more traditional diets before there was a McDonalds on every block!

Eating a diet that supports planetary health can also help your health. I know that changing your diet can be overwhelming and complicated, so I want to remind you that it is all about small, sustainable changes you can maintain over time. Don’t let perfection be the enemy of good! Every small, sustainable change can add up over time, improving the planet and your health as well!

Tensions between English and French Canadians

By Julia Smith, General Member

The complicated relationships between English and French Canadians have been shaped by a complex interplay of historical, cultural, linguistic, and political factors, and this divide between the two communities has persisted for centuries due to a lack of genuine, long-lasting efforts to bridge the gap and address the underlying issues. 

The relationship between English and French Canadians has been riddled with tension and division for centuries, with the roots of this issue traced back to the early days of Canadian history when the French and the British first colonized the country. The two groups had different languages religious and political systems, which led to tensions and conflicts over control and use of land and resources. Despite being coined a “multicultural country,” this divide persists. However, members of both groups generally share a common identity as inhabitants of Canada, and the cultural and linguistic differences between them have led to marginalization and a desire for greater autonomy between the two parties, resulting in a relationship riddled with tension. 

The language divide between the  French and English Canadians is the most visible cause of the tension. French Canadians see their language as a vital component of their identity and culture, and they have fought for its recognition and protection for decades through mass protests, worker strikes, and political policies (CBC News). In contrast, many English Canadians view French as a secondary language and do not see the need for it to have equal status with English. This has created a sense of marginalization among French Canadians, who feel that their language and culture are not valued or respected, as is their religion.   Historically, the French-speaking population in Canada has been predominantly Catholic. In contrast, the English-speaking population was predominantly Protestant, representing various denominations such as Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Baptist, and Methodist. The British authorities, influenced by their Protestant background, sought to limit the influence and power of the Catholic Church, particularly in Quebec. Catholic institutions were often subjected to restrictions, and Catholic clergy and educators faced various forms of persecution. 

The feeling of being a minority in their homeland has led to a push for greater political autonomy and recognition of Quebec's distinct identity. The desire for greater independence and recognition of the French language and culture in Quebec has been contentious for many years. The province has a distinct cultural identity that is different from the rest of Canada, and many Quebecois feel that their French language and culture are threatened by the dominance of English in North America (Government of Canada). The Quebec Sovereignty movement was a political movement that emerged in the late 20th century, seeking to make Quebec an independent country. The movement was motivated by a desire to protect Quebec's French language and culture and to have greater control over the province's political and economic affairs. The movement gained momentum in the 1970s and 1980s, and a referendum on sovereignty was held in 1980. A mass vote revealed that 50.58 percent of Quebec residents were against the referendum, contrary to the 49.42 percent of inhabitants who were for this change, which ultimately led this movement to be discarded in the landscape of mainstream politics. Yet, the notion that the votes were so close highlights the desire Quebecois have for autonomy, further reinforcing the desire for self-governance/autonomy. 

Despite its setbacks, the sovereignty movement's failure in Quebec has not extinguished the persistent desire for greater autonomy within the province. This enduring aspiration for increased self-governance continues to shape the political landscape of Canada and remains a prominent topic of discussion among politicians and citizens alike. In response to the longstanding division between English and French Canadians, numerous initiatives have been undertaken to address the underlying issues and foster a more inclusive and harmonious society. Adopting

bilingualism in 1969 was a pivotal moment that recognized the importance of both English and French languages in the fabric of Canadian society. This initiative sought to bridge the linguistic divide by granting official status to both languages and promoting a more equitable treatment of the country's two major linguistic groups. This critical step towards linguistic equality represented a significant shift in Canadian policy and highlighted the government's commitment to fostering a sense of belonging for all Canadians. 

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, re-drafted in 1982, safeguarded fundamental rights and freedoms, including language and cultural rights, by explicitly recognizing the significance of linguistic and cultural diversity; the Charter aimed to protect and preserve the unique identity of French-speaking Canadians, while also safeguarding the rights of other linguistic and cultural communities across the country. Despite these essential strides toward inclusivity, many French Canadians feel that these actions were long overdue and should have been implemented decades earlier. 

Promoting bilingualism and language learning can help to foster mutual understanding and respect between English and French Canadians. Governments must invest in language education programs, and businesses can provide language training opportunities to their employees. Organizing cultural exchange programs between French and English-speaking communities can promote cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. The Explore Program, funded by the Government of Canada, offers immersive language learning experiences in English or French for students aged 18-30. Participants live with a host family and attend language classes, cultural activities, and excursions, and the program has successfully promoted bilingualism and cross-cultural understanding.   In addition to the previously mentioned efforts, addressing the economic factors contributing to the divide between English and French Canadians is essential. Historically, French Canadians were marginalized and excluded from many economic opportunities due to discrimination and lack of access to education and resources (Morton, Desmond. A Short History of Canada). The marginalization has led to a persistent economic gap between the two communities, exacerbating tensions and perpetuating the divide. To bridge this financial gap, efforts can be made to provide equal access to education and job opportunities for French Canadians and provide subsidies for French-language businesses alongside addressing the systemic discrimination that French Canadians face in the job market and other areas of the economy for all Canadians.

Despite being a multicultural country, the divide between the two communities persists due to a lack of genuine, long-lasting efforts to bridge the gap and address the underlying issues. The language divide between the two groups is the most visible cause of tension, with French Canadians feeling marginalized and undervalued. Acknowledging and addressing the past injustices caused by colonialism and discrimination is also a necessary step toward reconciliation and healing. Only through genuine efforts and initiatives can we hope to bridge the gap between English and French Canadians and create a more united, diverse, and inclusive Canada.

The following resources were used in the creation of this blog post: 

“Dispatches.” French Canada and Recruitment during the First World War | Dispatches | Learn | Canadian War Museum, www.warmuseum.ca/learn/dispatches/french-Canada-and-recruitment-during-the-first-world-war/#tabs 

“Is There a Deep Split between French and English Canada?: AHA.” Is There a Deep Split between French and English Canada? | AHA, www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-47-cour-oldest-good-neighbor-(1946)/is-there-a-deep-split-between-french-and-English

“Francophone-Anglophone Relations.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/francophone-anglophone-relations  

Heritage, Canadian. “Government of Canada.” Canada.Ca, / Gouvernement Du Canada, 19 Feb. 2021, www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/corporate/publications/general-publications/equality-official-languages.html#a3.

Reynolds, W. Richard. “French-English Tensions Increase in Canada.” Tampa Bay Times, Tampa Bay Times, 16 Jan. 2020, www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/03/02/french-English-tensions-increase-in-canada/  

Food Insecurity around the Holidays

"It isn’t just those at the lowest ends of the economic spectrum who are suffering; many people who never thought they would need to turn to a food bank are walking through our doors for the first time."

By Julia Smith, General Member

For many, the holidays are when families and friends gather for a beautiful meal. Still, for those plagued with food insecurity and inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints, this reality is far from the truth. Food insecurity is a severe public health problem, especially during the pandemic and post-pandemic, with the extreme rise in grocery prices. Many families wanting to make their family’s holiday season magical end up with an enormous economic burden during the holidays. As a result, stress related to food insecurity is common during this time of year, which can get in the way of enjoying the holiday season.

Food insecurity around the holidays is not as simple as being unable to afford a plentiful holiday feast; its impacts are more extreme. During the school year, most publicly funded schools in Canada offer a school breakfast program that provides children with nutritious meals, and healthy snacks are often available throughout the day. When schools close for winter break, these meals disappear, which can add an extra financial burden on families. Many parents rely on these programs to provide for their children, resulting in families giving smaller portions and purchasing whatever foods they can afford, which are often highly processed and nutrient-deficient. Single-parent households struggle even more with this. Statistics Canada reports that 17.3 percent of food bank users in 2023 were single-parent households, and roughly one-third of food bank clients are children. As the cost-of-living crisis continues to increase and the prices of food continue to rise, more and more two-parent households are turning to food banks across Canada to help feed their families

With grocery prices rising this holiday season, food insecurity around the holidays is projected to increase (Statistics Canada), leaving more people relying on food banks and unable to have a “traditional” holiday meal. The price of chicken has more than doubled from .78 cents per pound last year to $1.64 per pound this year. This, coupled with the higher level of community need, which remains 50% to 70% higher than pre-pandemic levels, and about 30% of calls to the food bank’s emergency helpline are from first-time callers, is an immediate cry for concern, demanding attention.

What can you do to help?

Donating to your local food bank helps provide immediate relief to those in need in your community. Below are items that food banks would benefit from the most this holiday season, should you consider donating:

****Before donating, be sure to research your foodbank and see what their guidelines are, as some only accept non-perishable items ****

Whole-grain foods, like oatmeal, barley, high-fibre cereals or whole-grain pasta, contain fibre and are an excellent source of minerals like magnesium and iron. Food banks often use these items in their kitchens to create fresh and healthy meals.

Lean proteins from foods like canned tuna and chicken and plant-based proteins like peanut butter, beans, and lentils help maintain body tissue and are filling.

Canned fruit is another good option when you are thinking of donating. It is high in vitamin C and dietary fibre. Try to choose ones that are free of added salt and sugars.

Financial donations are a great way to help as well. Food banks can buy what they need during low donations by giving a monetary donation.

Although food insecurity around the holidays is a huge problem to tackle, with the help of all Canadians, we can help make the holidays better for those in need!

Mental Health Around the Holidays

By Julia Smith, General Member

The holiday season. Full of joy and cheer. We are fed this message constantly by those around us and the media, but this reality is far from the truth for many. The holiday season can exacerbate pre-existing mental health conditions and increase the likelihood of those pre-dispose. External factors range from drastic schedule changes and the feelings of needing to impress family members to increased alcohol consumption, which are to blame for the increase in poor mental health around the holiday season.

A study conducted by the National Alliance on Mental Health Illness (NAMI) study showed that 64% of people with mental illness report holidays make their conditions worse. Ken Duckworth, NAMI’s medical director, called this statistic a warning call to action, stating, "What the survey shows is a tremendous need for people to reach out and watch out for each other in keeping with the spirit of the season.”

Being particularly mindful of children and youths' wellbeing during this ‘triggering” time is also imperative, as the highest rates for child/youth psychiatric hospitalizations occur from November to January. For many adults, rates of drinking alcoholic beverages increased drastically, and death rates related to alcohol consumption increased. Holiday traditions create social pressure to drink, coupled with the fact that alcohol is often given as a gift, placing over 6 million Canadians who self-identified as meeting the criteria of “substance abuse/ addiction” in an incredibly vulnerable situation.

Although it is impossible to put an end to the worrying increase of mental health conditions around the holidays, implementing strategies and knowing what to do if you notice yourself or someone around you’s mental health declining.

1- Check in with yourself and those around you regularly. Take a moment to reflect, and ask yourself ( or others), “How am I feeling?” and “Is there anything I need to do for myself?”. You know what your body and mind need, so validate that!

2- Manage Holiday Expectations by not “building” up the excitement to a point of disappointment, should what you were hoping for not happen. Through practicing gratitude, you may begin to feel more relaxed and content.

3- Think ahead, and try to avoid known “triggers” that cause your mental wellbeing to spiral.

4- Create a plan of action so you know what to do in mentally/ emotionally tricky situations. For many, a change in the usual schedule can cause anxiety and worry, but by creating a plan, you are helping to mitigate much of the uncertainty that comes with unstructured times.

5- Understand that you can say no. At a time when so much can be asked of you by those around you, setting concrete boundaries to not overwork yourself is imperative.

For more information, familiarize yourself with the resources below:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. “Dry February, You Say?” Statistics Canada, 2 Feb. 2023, www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/2877-dry-February-you-say

“Maintaining Mental Health during the Holiday Season.” NAMI California, 21 Nov. 2022, namica.org/blog/handling-stress-during-the-holiday-season

“The Most Difficult Time of the Year: Mental Health during the Holidays.” NAMI, www.nami.org/Blogs/From-the-CEO/December-2021/The-Most-Difficult-Time-of-The-Year-Mental-Health-During-the-Holidays

Patient-Centred Care: A Key to Empowering Individuals in Sexual and Reproductive Health Appointments

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Navigating sexual and reproductive health appointments can be a daunting experience for many individuals. Whether you're seeking contraception, discussing fertility concerns, or addressing issues related to sexual health, advocating for yourself is crucial to ensure you receive the care and information you need. In this article, we'll explore strategies to empower yourself during sexual and reproductive health appointments.

1. Educate Yourself

Knowledge is power. Before your appointment, take the time to research and gather information about the topics you want to discuss. Understanding your own body, menstrual cycle, contraception options, or any specific concerns will help you ask informed questions and enable you to participate actively in the decision-making process.

2. Prepare Questions

Make a list of questions and concerns you want to address during your appointment. Consider writing them down to ensure you don't forget anything. Topics could include contraceptive choices, fertility concerns, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or any unusual symptoms you've experienced. Having a prepared list will help you stay focused and ensure all your concerns are addressed.

3. Seek a Trusted Healthcare Provider

Choosing a healthcare provider who makes you feel comfortable and respected is essential. It may be time to seek a new provider if you don't feel heard or respected during appointments. A trusting and open doctor-patient relationship is fundamental to advocating for your sexual and reproductive health.

4. Communicate Clearly

During your appointment, express your concerns and questions clearly and honestly. Don't be afraid to discuss sensitive issues or ask for clarification if something is unclear. Your healthcare provider is there to help you, and open communication is vital to receiving the best care possible.

5. Discuss Your Goals and Preferences

Share your personal goals and preferences regarding your sexual and reproductive health. Whether you're interested in starting a family, preventing pregnancy, or managing a specific condition, your healthcare provider can offer tailored advice and options that align with your objectives.

6. Consent and Informed Decision-Making

Always remember that you have the right to informed consent. Your healthcare provider should thoroughly explain any recommended procedures, tests, or treatments, including potential risks and alternatives. Don't hesitate to ask questions or seek a second opinion if you are unsure about your care.

7. Be Honest About Your Sexual Activity

Honesty is crucial when discussing your sexual history and activity. Your healthcare provider needs accurate information to assess your risk factors for STIs, offer appropriate screenings, and provide relevant advice. Remember that confidentiality rules bind healthcare professionals, so your information will be confidential.

8. Advocate for Your Preferred Contraception

If you're interested in contraception, advocate for the method that suits you best. Discuss the pros and cons of various options, such as birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), condoms, or fertility awareness methods. Your healthcare provider can help you make an informed choice based on your lifestyle and preferences.

9. Ask for Follow-Up

If you have ongoing concerns or symptoms persist, don't hesitate to request follow-up appointments or additional tests. Your health is a priority, and addressing any unresolved issues promptly is important.

10. Seek a Second Opinion

If you're unsure about a diagnosis or recommended treatment, seeking a second opinion from another healthcare provider is perfectly acceptable. Second opinions can offer different perspectives and help you make more informed decisions about your care.

11. Trust Your Instincts

Lastly, trust your instincts. Don't ignore your gut feelings if something doesn't feel right, whether it's your treatment plan, how you're being treated, or your healthcare provider's recommendations. Seek clarification, express your concerns, and, if necessary, consider finding a new provider who aligns better with your needs.

Advocating for your sexual and reproductive health is an essential part of maintaining your overall well-being. By educating yourself, preparing questions, seeking a trusted healthcare provider, and communicating openly and honestly, you can ensure that you receive the care and support you need to make informed decisions about your sexual and reproductive health. Remember that you have the right to participate actively in your healthcare journey; your voice matters.

Preparing for Exams

By Karen Tang, General Member

Whether this is your first year of writing university final exams or your last year of graduate school, as mid to late December approaches, there can be a certain level of stress and anxiety for students!

Oftentimes, it can feel anxiety-inducing when it comes to preparing for your final exams. You might not know where to start, or you already feel overwhelmed and maybe burnt out from the semester. Here are some general tips to get you started on tackling studying and preparing for finals!

First, it can be helpful to make a list! Put everything you need to do on it, such as reading Chapters 13 and 14 for your biology course, to writing your final paper. Be sure to include the basics, like showering, eating, and keeping hydrated! These small acts of self-care can often be neglected when you have your head in the books. However, the adrenaline rush of checking something off (even if it feels small) will help you carry on to the next item on the list.

Learn to ride your waves. We all have different times of day or week when we feel more or less effective. Figure out what yours are and plan to do your most challenging work for those times. Leave mindless, repetitive tasks (e.g., checking your emails, scrolling through social media) to the times when you are least effective.

Likewise, learn your prime place to study. As an extrovert, I know that I work best from home. You will never find me at the university or local library when I am cramming for exams. There is a good chance I will run into someone I know and then keep chatting and chatting….and then I won’t finish studying for the day! If I want a change of pace from studying at home, I am also a big fan of cafés since there is a lower chance I’d run into someone I know there. The café ambiance can also really help set the mood for productivity.

Next, be realistic! Most of us know (probably from personal experience) that cramming for an exam is not the most feasible (or realistic) endeavour. This is totally the same for studying and preparing for exams. If you try to cram into one day more than you are actually realistically capable of, you will feel like you are constantly falling behind, and that isn’t great for keeping morale up, nor is it being kind to yourself.

On the note of being kind to yourself, ensure that you rest and take time off. If you don’t take time to recuperate and rest, it will just slow you down to a barely productive state anyway. Then you start beating yourself up about your lack of studying, and then you cry over your textbooks about how you have failed at studying. Rest is both healthy and productive!

Similarly, reward is essential as well. It is vital to reward yourself in both small and big ways! Small rewards might be pushing through a particular gruelling chapter of physics and enjoying a sweet treat afterward or reading the next chapter of a pleasurable book (hopefully not a textbook). Large rewards might be going out with friends or trying a new restaurant after a particularly long day of studying! Likewise, I am a big fan of rewarding myself by taking evenings and weekends off (if possible) for self-care and rest purposes.

Best of luck studying and preparing for this exam season! You are almost at the finish line for this semester!

Resources and additional study tips:

https://mcgraw.princeton.edu/undergraduates/resources/resource-library/preparing-for-finals

https://learningcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/preparing-for-finals/

https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/learning/exam-prep/exam-prep-5-strategies

A National Database and Stalking Registry: Comprehensive Legislation Advocacies to Address Gender-Based Violence

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Gender-based violence is an insidious and widespread issue affecting individuals across the globe. Like many other countries, Canada presents a multifaceted challenge that demands innovative solutions. In recent years, comprehensive legislation advocacy efforts have gained momentum, focusing on establishing a National Database for Gender-Based Violence and a National Stalking Registry. These initiatives represent a pivotal step towards providing multifaceted responses to the multidimensional nature of gender-based violence.

Understanding the Multifaceted Nature of Gender-Based Violence

Before delving into the specifics of these proposed legislations, it is crucial to acknowledge the multifaceted nature of gender-based violence. It encompasses a broad spectrum of abusive behaviours, including physical violence, sexual assault, emotional and psychological abuse, economic control, and stalking. Moreover, it can affect individuals of all backgrounds, ages, and genders. Survivors of gender-based violence often face unique challenges and barriers, making it essential to adopt a multifaceted approach to address their diverse needs.

The National Database for Gender-Based Violence

One of Canada's most groundbreaking legislative advocacy initiatives is the proposal for a National Database for Gender-Based Violence. This database aims to serve as a centralized repository for collecting and analyzing data on gender-based violence cases. Its potential benefits are far-reaching and multifaceted:

1. Informed Decision-Making: A national database would provide policymakers and service providers with comprehensive and up-to-date information on gender-based violence prevalence, patterns, and trends. This data-driven approach would enable evidence-based decision-making and resource allocation. 

2. Tailored Interventions: By analyzing data from different regions and demographics, authorities can develop tailored interventions and support services that address the unique needs of survivors in various contexts. For example, strategies for urban centers may differ from those required in rural areas.

3. Monitoring Progress: The database would allow for monitoring progress and evaluating the effectiveness of gender-based violence prevention and response programs. Policymakers can make necessary adjustments based on real-time data.

4. Resource Allocation: With a clear understanding of the geographic hotspots and demographics most affected by gender-based violence, resources can be allocated strategically. This ensures that services reach those who need them most urgently.

5. Improved Reporting: A national database can streamline the reporting process for survivors, making it more accessible and less intimidating. Survivors would be able to report incidents and access support more efficiently.

6. Research and Advocacy: Researchers and advocacy organizations would benefit from comprehensive study and campaign data. This can lead to a deeper understanding of the root causes of gender-based violence and more effective advocacy efforts.

The National Stalking Registry

In addition to the National Database for Gender-Based Violence, another pioneering advocacy initiative is the call for a National Stalking Registry. Stalking is a particularly insidious form of gender-based violence that can have severe and lasting psychological effects on survivors. A dedicated registry holds several key advantages:

1. Enhanced Survivor Safety: A National Stalking Registry would aid law enforcement agencies in tracking and monitoring high-risk stalkers. Survivors would receive better protection, as authorities could respond swiftly to threats.

2. Accountability and Deterrence: Knowing that their actions are being monitored and documented, potential stalkers may be deterred from engaging in this harmful behaviour. Additionally, a registry can help hold perpetrators accountable for their actions.

 3. Support for Survivors: Survivors of stalking would benefit from a dedicated registry that ensures their cases are taken seriously. Prompt responses by law enforcement can provide much-needed relief and protection.

4. Data-Driven Policies: Similar to the National Database for Gender-Based Violence, a National Stalking Registry would provide valuable data for policymakers and researchers. This data can inform policies aimed at preventing and responding to stalking effectively.

5. Cross-Agency Collaboration: The registry would facilitate cross-agency collaboration, allowing different law enforcement agencies to share information and coordinate efforts to protect survivors.

Towards a Multifaceted Response to Gender-Based Violence

The multifaceted nature of gender-based violence calls for fomultidimensionaled responses. The proposed National Database for Gender-Based Violence and National Stalking Registry represent significant steps in this direction. By providing comprehensive data, enhancing survivor safety, holding perpetrators accountable, and informing evidence-based policies, these initiatives aim to address the diverse needs of survivors and foster a safer and more equitable society.

As these advocacy efforts gain traction, engaging in constructive dialogues and collaborations involving survivors, advocacy organizations, policymakers, and law enforcement agencies is crucial. Together, we can work towards a future where gender-based violence is no longer a pervasive issue and where survivors are provided with the multifaceted support and protection they deserve. These comprehensive legislative initiatives offer a beacon of hope in the fight against gender-based violence in Canada and serve as a model for other nations committed to ending this widespread injustice.

16 Days of Action Against Gender Violence

By Julia Smith, General Member

The 16 Days of Action against Gender-Based Violence is an international call for action to help eradicate violence against women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals. It occurs from November 25th  (the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women) until December 10th (Human Rights Day). 

The 16 days were initially created at the 1991 Women Global Leadership Institute, where it was hoped these days would spread awareness about the hardships so many women and 2SLGBTQI+ people go through every day. According to the World Health Organization, in 2021 alone, approximately 45,000 women and girls worldwide were killed by their intimate partners or other family members. Each year, the focus for the 16 days varies. Last year's theme was #endfemicied, which helped to spread awareness of the killing of a woman and girls by men on account of their gender, a pressing issue, particularly in countries where women are regarded as second-class citizens. Over the years, themes have ranged from Generation Equality Stands Against Rape (2019) to  How Can YOU  Prevent Violence against Women (2015). 

This year‘s focus is  “Unite! Invest to protect women and girls”. 

This theme calls for all members of society to come together not only in support and solidarity but with an open mind eager to implement programming, allocate funding from governments, as well as 3rd party organizations and hear new ideas as to what we can do to end the “pandemic against women ''. The collaboration of governments worldwide and outside organizations in past years has proven to be successful, with more than 5 million people signing a global petition to make ending violence against women a top worldwide priority in 2009, to adding women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people as a clause in the UN’s pandemic response plans. The pandemic response plan will guide UN Women's work for four years. 

This year, one of the initiatives being promoted is the #NoExcuse campaign aimed at seeking urgent investments from governments and charitable organizations to prevent violence against women and girls. Investments gathered will be used to foster awareness, improve resources for women victims of abuse, and promote gender-based violence awareness on university campuses. With this campaign, individuals are encouraged to repost an updated information package, sharing facts about the violence against women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people on social media. By doing so, it is hoped that awareness will be raised and more funds will be allocated to education, mitigation, and understanding. 

What can you do to participate in the 2023 16 Days of Action campaign? 

1.  You can share information on social media and educate those around you. 

2. You can write letters to members of parliament demanding more action on this issue. 

3. You can offer much-needed support to anyone in your life who has openly shared about experiencing gender-based violence. 

4.  You might consider supporting your local women's shelter.

5. Lastly, you can speak up and get help if you witness gender-based violence or think someone you know could be experiencing it. 

If we all work together, we can make a difference. 

Information gathered from: 

“16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence.” UN Women – Headquarters, www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/unite/16-days-of-activism#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20the%20UNITE%20Campaign,violence%20against%20women%20and%20girls%E2%80%9D. 

 ‘2022, 18 November. “In Focus: 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence.” UN Women – Headquarters, 18 Nov. 2022, www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/in-focus/2022/11/in-focus-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence. 

UN Women Values and Competencies Framework, www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/About%20Us/Employment/UN-Women-values-and-competencies-framework-en.pdf. 

Community Kitchens

By Julia Smith, General Member

Community kitchens are integral in helping end food insecurity in under-served communities by providing access to healthy and affordable food options. Lack of fresh produce and essential nutrients leads to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, which causes long-lasting damage to people’s health. With new foods being inaccessible to communities, many individuals are left to rely on unhealthy "convenience" food items due to their lower cost, perpetuating this negative cycle. 

By offering affordable and healthy meals, community kitchens help improve the community's overall health and well-being. Alongside providing nutritious meals, community kitchens often offer educational resources and workshops on various topics related to food and health. These resources help to empower individuals and families to take control of their health and wellness and provide them with lifelong skills, knowledge and tools to make healthier choices for themselves and their loved ones. Food preservation and gardening workshops can teach people how to grow their fruits and vegetables, while nutrition workshops can help people make more informed choices about the foods they eat, contributing to the community's overall well-being. 

Overall well-being encompasses a multitude of areas and is not solely limited to that of physical health. The feeling of belongingness and community is an essential aspect of overall well-being. The social part of community kitchens can help to reduce isolation and loneliness, which are common among individuals living in low-income areas. These feelings of isolation have an immense negative impact on mental health, which, in turn, leads to increased levels of anxiety and depression. As for those already suffering from mental health issues, creating a web of support is proven to play a significant role in one's recovery by working together to reach goals and provide the support that is crucial to staying well and engaging in the community. Community kitchens help create this much-needed aspect of support. When individuals feel connected and supported, they are more likely to engage with their community and participate in activities that promote their overall well-being. This can include joining group fitness classes, volunteering, or participating in community events, all activities that further contribute to positive mental well-being. By fostering a sense of community and connection, community kitchens can help create a positive and supportive environment that encourages individuals to care for their psychological and physical health, all while making meaningful connections. 

Community kitchens can also help to preserve and promote culinary traditions, allowing them to be passed down to future generations. In addition to maintaining and promoting traditional dishes, community kitchens serve as a space for experimentation and innovation. They provide a platform for chefs and home cooks to share their ideas and creations and can foster the development of new recipes and flavours.

By bringing people together around the shared love of food, community kitchens create a sense of belonging and connection, strengthening the bonds between individuals and fostering a sense of pride in their cultural heritage that will span across generations. As more and more communities recognize the importance of these spaces, continued support must be implemented to expand the network of community kitchens to ensure that everyone has access to healthy, affordable food and the benefits that come with it.

Why don't you research a community kitchen near you and see what you can do to help support those in your community? 

Holocaust Education Awareness: The Heroic Story of Lily and Max

By Julia Smith, General Member

Growing up, I noticed that we had many relatives on my father's side of the family. There are far fewer relatives on my mother's side of the family. My grandmother was Jewish. We sometimes went to synagogue with her and celebrated the holidays. She would cook yummy Jewish dishes and light the Friday night Shabbat candles. She was born in 1945, just after the war. Both her parents were survivors. 

Nearly all of her relatives died in the Holocaust. 

This is why that side of the family is so tiny. No one ever talks about the Holocaust anymore; kids my age aren't sure what it was. Generally speaking, very little education is provided to students in school about the Holocaust. This educates and empowers youth to make changes so history doesn't repeat itself. I wanted to honour my grandmother and her family, my relatives, and my ancestors by sharing awareness about the Holocaust with youth. I want people to know parts of their stories to make a personal connection. I don't want my relatives' lives to be a number or a statistic. I want to share with you the brave stories of my grandmother's parents, Max and Lily Brauer, who managed to live through the Holocaust, survive and rebuild their lives in a new country, Canada. I felt a calling to make a difference in the world. Recognizing a crucial gap in Holocaust education, especially tailored for young minds, I took it upon myself to create an impactful resource that would resonate with students in grades 6-12. I channelled my efforts into crafting a comprehensive video that encapsulated the heroic narratives of my great-grandparents. The need for this resource was apparent, as the resurgence of antisemitism had infiltrated school environments in Ottawa and beyond. In the face of these challenges, I saw an opportunity to become a trailblazer in youth-focused Holocaust education, striving to equip young minds with knowledge that would foster empathy, tolerance, and understanding.  

Including my family's story in my project took a lot of courage. I am generally a private person, as is the entire part of my family that was affected by the Holocaust. My grandmother hardly ever spoke about it, and my great-grandparents were dead so I couldn't ask for their permission. I wanted to make my family proud and let go of the shame and secrecy the older generations held onto. By speaking out, I am speaking for the generations that preceded me who could not do so. I have learned that this is the most potent act of respect I can do to honour my ancestors. Their stories need to be shared, heard, remembered and acknowledged. 

The Gender Pay Gap

By Julia Smith, General Member

The gender pay gap, a persistent issue affecting countries worldwide, is a glaring indicator of gender inequity. In Canada, a nation often commended for its commitment to gender equality, this gap remains a troubling reality. The gender pay gap refers to the difference in average earnings of people based on gender. It is a widely recognized indicator of gender inequities and exists across industries and professional levels throughout Canada. 

At the heart of the gender pay gap lies a  shocking statistic: women in Canada, whether working full-time or part-time, earn just 89 cents for every dollar their male counterparts make. This wage disparity is not simply a numerical difference; its consequences are profound and far-reaching,  particularly for women in vulnerable financial situations. This vulnerability is even more pronounced among women facing multiple barriers, including racialized women, Indigenous women, and those with disabilities. The combination of gender and other forms of discrimination magnifies the pay gap's impact, perpetuating an unjust cycle of economic disparity.

The struggle for equal pay has been a longstanding issue, and it wasn't until 1951 that Canada implemented "equal pay legislation (s)" requiring that men and women be paid the same wage for the same or identical work. However, the reality was far from equal, as men and women often worked in different occupations and industries, making the legislation ineffective in bridging the pay gap. Today, occupational disparities continue to contribute to the gender pay gap. A mere 34% of the workforce in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) comprises women. These fields are typically associated with higher-paying jobs, and the underrepresentation of women in STEM only exacerbates the wage disparity. 

It is imperative to bring forth the notion that Canada, with its reputation for gender equality, has faced international scrutiny for the persistence of the gender pay gap.  The United Nations Human Rights Committee 2015 raised concerns about "persisting inequalities between women and men" in the country. This global call-out emphasized the high level of the pay gap and its disproportionate impact on low-income women, racialized women, and Indigenous women.  It forces us to confront a critical question:

 How can a nation celebrate its commitment to equality still grapple with such a fundamental issue?

The gender pay gap in Canada is an alarming reality and a reflection of deep-seated inequalities. Its impact is felt most by the women who find themselves on the wrong side of this divide. To truly live up to our reputation as champions of gender equality, we must address the multifaceted nature of the pay gap.  It requires proactive measures, from dismantling occupational barriers to challenging stereotypes, to ensure equal pay for equal work becomes an unquestioned norm. The international call-out serves as a stark reminder that the pursuit of gender equality is an ongoing journey, one that demands unwavering commitment and dedication from all. 

The following links contain more shocking statistics and essential information on this issue to further your understanding:

Statistics- Canadian Woman.org: https://canadianwomen.org/the-facts/the-gender-pay-gap/ 

Statistics Canda improvements On the pay gap; https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/14-28-0001/2020001/article/00003-eng.htm 

Gender Pay gap in STEM fields: https://scwist.ca/closing-the-gender-pay-gap/#:~:text=A%20report%20by%20the%20Canadian,17%25%20and%20widens%20to%2021%25 

Youth Health in Canada: Unveiling Determinants, Pandemic Impacts, and Upstream Solutions

By Sree Nair, General Member

In Canada, the health and well-being of its youth are profoundly influenced by social determinants, encompassing income, education, employment, housing, and healthcare access. These factors significantly impact marginalized groups, including women, Indigenous communities, racial minorities, LGBTQ+ individuals, and individuals with limited socioeconomic resources, thereby exacerbating health disparities¹. To address these issues, Canada has been actively embracing and striving to implement upstream health initiatives, which delve into the root causes of these disparities.

Recent research has shed light on the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being of children and youth, offering invaluable insights into ongoing endeavours to address health inequalities among this demographic. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, Canadian children and adults received guidance to "stay at home" and practice physical distancing when venturing outdoors. During the pandemic, a significant decrease in physical activity levels was noted among children and youths, coupled with a notable increase in sedentary behaviour and screen time ².

This study revealed that during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020, many children and youth reported notable alterations in their emotional states³. Specifically, 37.6% divulged experiencing heightened boredom, while 31% expressed increased levels of worry compared to the pre-pandemic era. The study spotlighted modifiable factors encompassing access to friends, indoor and outdoor spaces/places for recreation and physical activity, and maintaining healthy movement behaviours throughout the pandemic with a reduced likelihood of reporting low SWB³.

These revelations carry significant implications for public health policy amid the pandemic, underscoring the importance of social connections and physical activity in promoting mental well-being among young people. As Canada persists in its quest to tackle health disparities and foster the health and well-being of its youth, it becomes increasingly vital to account for the multifaceted impacts of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and leverage research insights to shape policies and initiatives aimed at cultivating healthier, more resilient, and more equitable communities

1.    Northcott, A. (2023) Canadian teens still struggling with mental health even as pandemic wanes | CBC newsAlison Northcott, CBCnews. Available at: https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/canadian-teens-mental-health-1.6759486.

2.    Moore S.A.,et.al,. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on the movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: A national survey. Int. J. Behav. Nutrition Phys. Activity. 2020;17:85. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8.

3.    Mitra R, Waygood EOD, Fullan J. Subjective well-being of Canadian children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of the social and physical environment and healthy movement behaviours. Prev Med Rep. 2021 May 18;23:101404. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101404. PMID: 34189017; PMCID: PMC8220397.

World Kindness Day

By Laetitia Satem, General Member

World Kindness Day, celebrated annually on November 13th, was established in 1998 by a coalition of non-governmental organizations. This day encourages kindness at all levels, from homes to global communities. World Kindness Day must be celebrated this year more than ever in a world grappling with a poly-crisis, including war, climate change, food insecurity, and global hunger. It stands as a beacon of hope, inspiring individuals to come together, perform acts of kindness, and ignite positive change.

It is easy to feel disheartened by everything happening in the world, but it is precisely during these challenging moments that World Kindness Day has a crucial significance. It allows us to rekindle our hope and determination, inspire others to be kind, and make the changes they want to see in their communities. Let’s see more positive stories in the media instead of negative headlines and remind people that there is still good in the world.

Kindness knows no bounds; it can manifest on both small, personal scales and large, global platforms. Whether helping a neighbour, volunteering in your community, or contributing to a global cause, no act of kindness is insignificant. Every kind deed, no matter how modest, has the potential to create a ripple effect of positivity, impacting lives and communities. Even smiling at a stranger may create a ripple effect, where they pass on the same kindness you presented to them.

One remarkable aspect of World Kindness Day is its profound connection to mental well-being. Engaging in projects and initiatives that foster kindness can significantly boost mental health. By focusing on the positive actions they can take to improve their communities, people often experience a renewed sense of purpose and empowerment. Acts of kindness benefit those on the receiving end and provide a sense of fulfillment and happiness to the giver.

Practicing kindness can reduce stress, boost happiness, and improve overall mental health. Acts of kindness trigger the release of neurotransmitters like oxytocin and endorphins, which are associated with feelings of pleasure, connection, and reduced stress. Practicing kindness every day can lead to experiencing a more profound sense of belonging and satisfaction, leading to improved mental well-being.

Kindness also possesses the unique ability to spread from person to person. The age-old saying, "Kill them with kindness,” is more than a Selena Gomez song; it speaks to the idea that responding to negativity with genuine care and compassion can defuse conflicts and promote positive interactions. Small acts of kindness can create a ripple effect, which has the power to transcend borders, cultures, and backgrounds, making kindness a universal language that unites people in a shared commitment to make the world a better place.

World Kindness Day celebrates the extraordinary potential for positive change within each of us. It reminds us that even in the face of a poly-crisis, where problems seem insurmountable, our collective capacity for kindness can profoundly impact us. As we observe World Kindness Day, let us take this opportunity to commit to small and large acts of kindness, not only on this day but every day, for it is through such actions that we can illuminate the world with hope and compassion.

Deceptive Food Labels: Unmasking Misinformation and Empowering Consumers

By: Julia Smith, General Member

Food labels may be causing more harm than good 

In a recent study conducted by the New York Post, 82% of Americans stated that they have found food labels misleading, and over 93% feel like companies hide sugar in their products by using different words for sugar on their labels. This study highlights an issue that is extremely prevalent in today's society: Scientific Exploitation. Scientific exploitation is the misuse or misleading use of scientific words and phrases to deceive consumers into thinking that a certain product is “healthier” for the consumer. False advertising in the nutrition industry is an issue that corporations and society as a whole need to be addressing, for its impacts are detrimental and far-reaching. This article will discuss food advertising and misleading food labels, as well as educate individuals as to what everyday consumers can do to tackle false advertising.

Regulations published on January 1st, 2002 by Health Canada, by inspections, Canada made it mandatory for nutrition labels to list the calories, 13 core nutrients, and daily value (which is listed as %DV on food packages) on all packaged foods. This law was intended to provide more transparent information to consumers and empower individuals to compare the nutritional merits of products to make healthier choices. Yet, nowhere within Health Canada's online resources does it state that nutrition labels are allowed a “20% variability” in deducing the number of calories in a product.  Due to this misinformation, it is safe to say that the average consumer of packaged food products is not educated about this shocking statistic and is potentially consuming more calories than they think.  Web MD’s number one tip for “How to lose weight without dieting ”, is as follows;  

"You can trim calories effortlessly if you use low-fat and lower-calorie products, and if the product is mixed in with other ingredients, no one will ever notice. Doing this along with counting calories is the easiest way to lose weight!”. 

Web MD is not the only source that gives individuals looking to lose weight and live a healthier life this advice. The idea that switching to lower-calorie foods is the “best” way to lose weight without dieting is widely believed.  Yet, when understanding the fact that food labels are permitted to fabricate the number of calories in a product,  individuals who are trying to practice the “easy way to lose weight” diet may find that they are not reaching their desired results, by subconsciously consuming more calories than intended. 

Scientific Exploitation is a concern that consumers need to be on the constant lookout for. The words “all-natural” are one of the most common ways this advertising tactic is used. The FDA has considered the term "natural" to mean nothing artificial (including all colour additives regardless of source) has been added to a food that would not normally be expected to be in it. However, this policy was not intended to address food production methods, such as the use of pesticides. Nowhere in the policy document did it address food processing or manufacturing methods, such as thermal technologies, pasteurization, or irradiation. The FDA also did not consider whether the "natural" should describe any nutritional or other health benefit.

Similarly to the all-natural claim, “no sugar added” products are equally deceptive.  Although many foods may not have added sugar, they still contain high amounts of natural sugars.  No sugar added 100% juice, for example, is free of added sugar but is still full of sugar. Consumers make assumptions that these are low-sugar alternatives and healthier but “no sugar added” does not mean a product is calorie, carbohydrate or sugar-free. There are over 56 different names for sugar; it can be challenging to figure out how much sugar a food truthfully contains. One of the most common forms of sugar is ​​High Fructose Corn Syrup, a liquid that comes from corn starch. It consists of varying amounts of fructose and glucose, but the composition is essentially the same as sucrose or “table sugar”. Agave nectar is a natural sweetener that has been deemed the “healthy version of sugar”, although it is roughly 85% fructose, which is dangerously high and can lead to a range of health challenges.

In current food regulations, companies must list the amount of nutrients each food product contains, such as fat and cholesterol, vitamins, and minerals, but are not mandated to disclose the percentage of ingredients, such as the percentage of fruits or whole grains.  In the United States, the FDA doesn’t state how much natural fruit must be used for companies to make claims that the product is made with real fruit. Many popular kid's snacks like fruit snacks, granola bars, cereals, and juice may often contain very little, or trace amounts of fruit. Parents think they are buying healthier foods for their families, but are being duped by claims of false advertising. Welch's Fruit Snacks are another example of a popular lunchbox food that provides little fruit and astronomical amounts of sugar.  Each fruit snack package contains 11 grams (nearly 3 teaspoons) worth of sugar, which means that 43 percent of every bite children take is pure sugar.  

A better understanding of food labels is essential to guiding society in making educated nutrition decisions and staying clear of words and tactics that corporations use to falsely market products to consumers. Understanding that false advertising in the nutrition industry, specifically on food labels, has effects on society that will push everyday consumers of products to think critically about what they are putting into their bodies. After having read this article, it is hoped that the 82% of Americans who feel as if they have been lied to on food labels can develop the critical thinking skills necessary to decipher fact from fiction on food labels that are constantly preying on vulnerable consumers.   

References:

Government of Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. “Government of Canada.” Part 2 - Analysis and Feedback - Nutrition Labelling Compliance Test - Food Label Requirements - Canadian Food Inspection Agency, / Gouvernement Du Canada, 28 Sept. 2020, https://inspection.canada.ca/food-label-requirements/labelling/industry/nutrition-labelling/additional-information/compliance-test/eng/1409949165321/1409949250097?chap=3.

“How to Lose Weight Fast and Safely.” WebMD, WebMD, 15 Feb. 2021, https://www.webmd.com/diet/lose-weight-fast

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. “Use of the Term Natural on Food Labeling.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/use-term-natural-food-labeling

Kincaid, Erika. “5 Misleading Label Claims Struck down by the FTC.” Food Dive, 16 Oct. 2017, https://www.fooddive.com/news/labeling-claims-ftc-misleading/507201/

Creating a Culture of Consent: Strategies for Universities to Promote Respectful Relationships on Campus

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Figures from Statistics Canada published in 2020 show that nearly three-quarters of university students in Canada witnessed or experienced unwanted sexualized behaviours in a post-secondary setting in 2019—either on campus or in an off-campus situation that involved students or other people associated with the school. In August 2022, Statistics Canada reported that sexual assault is the only violent crime in Canada, not declining. According to the report, the sexual assault rate 2021 was the highest since 1996. There were more than 34,200 reports of sexual assault in Canada in 2021, an 18 percent increase from 2020. Despite the rise in reporting, the number of sexual assaults reported to police remains very low. In 2019, only six percent of sexual assault incidents the previous year had been reported to police. Almost one in seven women have been sexually assaulted at Canadian colleges and universities. And  71% of students have either witnessed or experienced unwanted sexual behaviour. 

A lot more needs to be done by universities to foster a culture of consent on their campuses. Here are some ways universities can play a crucial role in creating safe, respectful, and equitable environments that prioritize the well-being of all students and staff.

Comprehensive Consent Education Programs:

Universities can implement a consent culture by establishing comprehensive education programs beyond the basics of "no means no." These programs should delve into the nuances of consent, including the importance of enthusiastic and ongoing agreement. They can offer workshops, seminars, and online resources to help students and faculty understand consent in various contexts, such as intimate relationships, academic collaborations, and extracurricular activities.

Incorporating Consent into the Curriculum:

Integrating discussions of consent into the academic curriculum is a powerful way to make it a central part of campus culture. Professors can incorporate consent-related topics into their courses and learning resources. This approach ensures that students encounter the concept of consent in multiple disciplines and recognize its relevance in various aspects of life.

Clear and Enforceable Policies:

Universities must establish clear and enforceable policies addressing consent in all campus life aspects, including sexual misconduct, academic integrity, and organizational behaviour. These policies should outline expectations, procedures for reporting violations, and consequences for offenders. Ensuring these policies are widely known and consistently enforced creates a culture of accountability.

Supportive Resources and Reporting Mechanisms:

Providing accessible resources for survivors of consent violations is crucial. Universities should offer counselling services, confidential reporting mechanisms, and trained staff to guide survivors through the reporting and recovery process. These resources support survivors and demonstrate the institution's commitment to addressing consent-related issues.

Consent-Centered Orientation Programs:

Orientation programs are ideal for instilling a culture of consent among incoming students. Universities can incorporate consent workshops and discussions into orientation activities, setting a tone of respect and understanding from the beginning of a student's college experience.

Engaging Student Organizations and Clubs:

Student-led organizations and clubs play a vital role in shaping campus culture. Universities can collaborate with these groups to promote consent awareness and education. Encouraging clubs to adopt and promote consent-related policies and practices can have a far-reaching impact on campus life.

Faculty and Staff Training:

It is essential to provide ongoing training for faculty and staff to ensure they understand and uphold consent culture. Faculty can benefit from workshops on recognizing and addressing consent violations in academic settings, while administrative staff can receive training on supporting survivors and handling reports effectively.

Promoting Open Dialogue:

Creating spaces for open dialogue about consent is fundamental. Universities can organize forums, panel discussions, and town hall meetings where students, faculty, and staff can discuss consent-related topics, share experiences, and ask questions. Encouraging open and respectful conversations helps break down barriers and fosters a culture of understanding and empathy.

Evaluation and Adaptation:

Universities should regularly assess the effectiveness of their efforts to implement a consent culture. Collecting feedback from students and staff and making necessary adjustments to policies and programs ensures that the institution remains committed to creating a safe and respectful campus environment.

Community Partnerships:

Collaborating with local organizations and advocacy groups focused on consent education and sexual assault prevention can enhance universities' efforts. These partnerships can bring additional resources, expertise, and perspectives to campus initiatives, contributing to a more comprehensive approach to consent culture implementation.

Consent culture is vital on college campuses as it sets the foundation for safe, respectful, and equitable environments. On-campus, it not only helps prevent incidents of sexual assault and harassment but also fosters a climate where students can freely express their boundaries and desires without fear. It encourages open dialogue and education about consent, empowering students to make informed decisions about their relationships and interactions. By promoting consent culture, campuses create spaces where students can thrive emotionally, socially, and academically, ensuring everyone's autonomy and well-being are respected and upheld.

Leisha Toory is a Political Science undergraduate at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, the founder of Period Priority Project, and a SRHR activist. 

Fall Vaccinations and their Importance

By Ysabelle Tumaneng, General Member

Fall vaccinations are well underway. As a post-secondary student, I have learned about the importance of vaccination in my science classes and how it plays a crucial role in protecting individuals and the community. Vaccination is introducing a vaccine into the body to stimulate an immune response against a specific disease. By doing so, the body develops immunity to that disease without having to experience the symptoms of the illness. This protects the individual from getting sick and prevents the spread of the disease to others.

Unfortunately, there is a lot of misinformation about vaccines, which can lead to vaccine hesitancy or even refusal. This is concerning because when individuals choose not to get vaccinated, they put themselves at not only risk but also those around them who may not be able to receive vaccines, such as individuals with weakened immune systems or allergies.

Healthcare providers and public health organizations across Canada work together to promote the importance of vaccination and provide education about vaccine safety and effectiveness. It is important to remember that vaccines have been extensively studied and are safe and effective in preventing infectious diseases.

As a student, I understand the importance of vaccinations in preventing outbreaks of diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza. These diseases can spread quickly in schools and universities, leading to missed school days, hospitalizations, and even death. Vaccinations not only protect us as individuals but also help to keep our communities healthy.

In addition to the efforts of healthcare providers and public health organizations, non-profit organizations across Canada are also working to educate and promote vaccinations, particularly among youth, immigrants, and refugees. These organizations play a critical role in helping to ensure that these vulnerable populations have access to accurate information about vaccinations and can receive the necessary immunizations.

One such organization is the Canadian Centre for Immigrant and Refugee Health Care (CCIRHC), which provides healthcare services and education to immigrants and refugees in the Greater Toronto Area. CCIRHC works to increase awareness about vaccinations and to provide access to immunizations for individuals who may have difficulty navigating the healthcare system due to language or cultural barriers.

Another organization working to promote vaccinations among youth in Canada is the Youth Coalition for Sexual and Reproductive Rights (YCSRR), which focuses on sexual and reproductive health education for young people. As part of their efforts, YCSRR provides education about the importance of vaccinations for preventable diseases such as HPV, meningitis, and hepatitis B.

In Vancouver, the Immigrant Services Society of BC (ISSofBC) provides a range of services to newcomers, including access to healthcare and immunizations. ISSofBC ensures that immigrants and refugees can receive the necessary vaccinations and have access to accurate information about the importance of immunizations.

In Montreal, the Association for the Health and Social Integration of Immigrants (AHSSI) works to improve the health and well-being of immigrants and refugees. AHSSI provides a range of services, including access to healthcare and education about the importance of vaccinations for preventable diseases.

These are just a few examples of the many non-profit organizations across Canada working to promote vaccinations and educate about the importance of immunizations. By working with healthcare providers and public health organizations, these organizations are helping to ensure that all Canadians have access to the information and services they need to protect themselves and their communities from preventable diseases.

By vaccinating, we can protect ourselves and those around us from preventable diseases. Let us all work together to promote vaccination and ensure the health and safety of our communities.

References:

1. The Public Health Agency of Canada has information about NIAW, including resources for healthcare providers and the public: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/immunization/national-immunization-awareness-week.html

2. Immunize Canada is a national partnership that promotes the importance of vaccination: https://immunize.ca/

3. The Canadian Immunization Guide provides information about vaccines, including recommendations for their use: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-1-key-immunization-information/page-1-introduction.html

4. The Canadian Paediatric Society has resources about vaccinations for children: https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/vaccination-protects-children

5. The Canadian Medical Association has a policy on vaccinations: https://policybase.cma.ca/documents/policypdf/PD19-01.pdf

6. The World Health Organization has information about vaccinations and vaccine-preventable diseases: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1

7. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

8. The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety has information about vaccinations in the workplace: https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/vaccinations.html

9. The Canadian Nurses Association has information about vaccinations and the role of nurses in promoting immunization: https://cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/ps109_immunization_e.pdf

10. The Canadian Pharmacists Association has information about vaccinations and the role of pharmacists in promoting immunization: https://www.pharmacists.ca/cpha-ca/assets/File/cpha-on-the-issues/CPhA_Immunization_Position_EN.pdf

International Pronouns Day

By Laetitia Satam, General Member

Happy International Pronouns Day! International Pronouns Day is celebrated on the third Wednesday of October each year and has been an official day since 2018. It is a day to remind people that using your preferred pronouns is one of the simplest forms of respect. International Pronoun Day is not merely a symbolic gesture but a crucial step towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society for everyone.

You may have noticed that more spaces are transitioning towards asking for pronouns and ensuring that they are respected. From name tags to your Zoom name, pronouns are essential to identity. And I know some people think, “Well, I think it is obvious what pronouns I use,” but that line of thinking is not progressive. Pronouns are a fundamental aspect of language and communication. Most of us are familiar with the commonly used pronouns, such as "he," "she," and "they." However, it is essential to recognize that not everyone identifies with these binary gender categories. To break gender stereotypes, we have to break the notion that there is no way to assume someone's pronouns, even if you think you present as a gender-conforming cisgender person. When everyone in a space shares their pronouns (if they are comfortable doing so - some people may be figuring out which pronouns align with their identity), it fosters an inclusive environment for everybody. Imagine being the only person in the room with your pronouns on a name tag; you might feel a little out of place.

One of the primary goals of International Pronoun Day is to promote gender inclusivity. Traditionally, many societies have operated under a binary understanding of gender, where individuals are categorized as either male or female. This binary perspective has excluded and marginalized those whose gender identity does not conform to these norms. By recognizing and respecting a person's pronouns, we affirm their gender identity, whether non-binary, genderqueer, transgender or any other identity. This simple act of respect goes a long way in creating a more welcoming and inclusive environment for everyone. It sends a powerful message that individuals should not be confined to rigid gender expectations but should be free to express themselves authentically.

International Pronoun Day also plays a crucial role in reducing discrimination and stigma against transgender and non-binary individuals. Many people within these communities face discrimination, harassment, and violence simply because their gender identity does not align with societal expectations. By recognizing and respecting their pronouns, we take a significant step towards dismantling these harmful prejudices. Recent news articles have been reporting that while hate crimes are decreasing, there has been an increase in transphobic hate crimes, making this year’s International Pronoun Day especially important.

International Pronoun Day reminds us of the significance of gender inclusivity and the importance of respecting individuals' pronouns. It is a day dedicated to fostering understanding, reducing discrimination, and creating a more inclusive world. By embracing this observance, we build a society where everyone can express their gender identity authentically and without fear, ultimately promoting a more equitable and compassionate world for future generations.

If you want more resources about International Pronoun Day, check out the websites below!

https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/maple-leaf/defence/2021/10/internationa l-pronouns-day-using-inclusive-language.html

https://pronouns.org/day

https://www.sace.ca/pronouns-day/

Innovations in Period Equity: Pioneering Policies for Canada

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Period equity, a crucial aspect of gender equality, remains a challenge in many parts of the world, including Canada. To address this, innovative and unprecedented policies are needed. In this article, with Period Action Day on October 14, we explore novel approaches to advance period equity in Canada, acknowledging the urgency of destigmatizing menstruation, ensuring access to menstrual products, and fostering an inclusive and supportive environment.

Menstrual Product Accessibility Program

Implementing a national program to provide free or subsidized menstrual products in public spaces is an innovative step toward period equity. Similar to the model of free condom distribution, this policy could include dispensers in schools, universities, public bathrooms, and community centers. By normalizing the availability of menstrual products, this program reduces financial barriers and promotes a more inclusive society.

Menstrual Leave Legislation

Introducing menstrual leave as part of employment standards could be a groundbreaking policy. Modelled after existing sick leave policies, this legislation would acknowledge individuals' challenges during menstruation. Allowing employees to take a few days off without repercussions could lead to a more compassionate and understanding workplace culture.

Menstrual Health Education Mandate

A comprehensive and standardized menstrual health education program in schools can contribute significantly to period equity. By incorporating age-appropriate menstrual health education into the curriculum, starting from an early age, we can destigmatize menstruation, create a generation of informed individuals, and foster empathy. This policy ensures that menstruation is not a taboo topic but an integral aspect of human biology.

Corporate Menstrual Equity Certification

Introducing a certification system for corporations that actively promote period equity within their organizations can encourage the widespread adoption of inclusive policies. Companies that provide free menstrual products, implement menstrual leave policies, and foster supportive environments can receive a Menstrual Equity Certification, signalling their commitment to gender equality and employee well-being.

Period-Friendly Public Infrastructure Design

Incorporating menstrual product dispensers and disposal units in public infrastructure design is a policy that reflects a commitment to inclusivity. Public spaces, including parks, transportation hubs, and government buildings, can be equipped with these facilities, ensuring that individuals can manage their periods with dignity, regardless of location.

Government-Backed Research Grants for Menstrual Health

Supporting research on menstrual health is pivotal for understanding the diverse needs of individuals. The government could allocate research grants specifically for studying menstrual health, including disorders, cultural perspectives, and innovative product development. This policy ensures that policymaking is informed by evidence-based research.

Inclusive Shelters and Housing Policies

Homeless and marginalized populations often face heightened challenges related to menstruation. Implementing inclusive shelter and housing policies that guarantee access to menstrual products, adequate sanitation facilities, and menstrual health support services is crucial for addressing the unique needs of these vulnerable communities.

Period equity is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires innovative policies to create lasting change. The proposed guidelines are not exhaustive but represent a starting point for a comprehensive approach to advancing period equity in Canada. By embracing these innovative ideas, policymakers can foster a more inclusive, supportive, and equitable society, where menstruation is destigmatized, and all individuals can manage their periods with dignity.

Leisha Toory is a Political Science undergraduate at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, and the founder of Period Priority Project.