A National Database and Stalking Registry: Comprehensive Legislation Advocacies to Address Gender-Based Violence

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Gender-based violence is an insidious and widespread issue affecting individuals across the globe. Like many other countries, Canada presents a multifaceted challenge that demands innovative solutions. In recent years, comprehensive legislation advocacy efforts have gained momentum, focusing on establishing a National Database for Gender-Based Violence and a National Stalking Registry. These initiatives represent a pivotal step towards providing multifaceted responses to the multidimensional nature of gender-based violence.

Understanding the Multifaceted Nature of Gender-Based Violence

Before delving into the specifics of these proposed legislations, it is crucial to acknowledge the multifaceted nature of gender-based violence. It encompasses a broad spectrum of abusive behaviours, including physical violence, sexual assault, emotional and psychological abuse, economic control, and stalking. Moreover, it can affect individuals of all backgrounds, ages, and genders. Survivors of gender-based violence often face unique challenges and barriers, making it essential to adopt a multifaceted approach to address their diverse needs.

The National Database for Gender-Based Violence

One of Canada's most groundbreaking legislative advocacy initiatives is the proposal for a National Database for Gender-Based Violence. This database aims to serve as a centralized repository for collecting and analyzing data on gender-based violence cases. Its potential benefits are far-reaching and multifaceted:

1. Informed Decision-Making: A national database would provide policymakers and service providers with comprehensive and up-to-date information on gender-based violence prevalence, patterns, and trends. This data-driven approach would enable evidence-based decision-making and resource allocation. 

2. Tailored Interventions: By analyzing data from different regions and demographics, authorities can develop tailored interventions and support services that address the unique needs of survivors in various contexts. For example, strategies for urban centers may differ from those required in rural areas.

3. Monitoring Progress: The database would allow for monitoring progress and evaluating the effectiveness of gender-based violence prevention and response programs. Policymakers can make necessary adjustments based on real-time data.

4. Resource Allocation: With a clear understanding of the geographic hotspots and demographics most affected by gender-based violence, resources can be allocated strategically. This ensures that services reach those who need them most urgently.

5. Improved Reporting: A national database can streamline the reporting process for survivors, making it more accessible and less intimidating. Survivors would be able to report incidents and access support more efficiently.

6. Research and Advocacy: Researchers and advocacy organizations would benefit from comprehensive study and campaign data. This can lead to a deeper understanding of the root causes of gender-based violence and more effective advocacy efforts.

The National Stalking Registry

In addition to the National Database for Gender-Based Violence, another pioneering advocacy initiative is the call for a National Stalking Registry. Stalking is a particularly insidious form of gender-based violence that can have severe and lasting psychological effects on survivors. A dedicated registry holds several key advantages:

1. Enhanced Survivor Safety: A National Stalking Registry would aid law enforcement agencies in tracking and monitoring high-risk stalkers. Survivors would receive better protection, as authorities could respond swiftly to threats.

2. Accountability and Deterrence: Knowing that their actions are being monitored and documented, potential stalkers may be deterred from engaging in this harmful behaviour. Additionally, a registry can help hold perpetrators accountable for their actions.

 3. Support for Survivors: Survivors of stalking would benefit from a dedicated registry that ensures their cases are taken seriously. Prompt responses by law enforcement can provide much-needed relief and protection.

4. Data-Driven Policies: Similar to the National Database for Gender-Based Violence, a National Stalking Registry would provide valuable data for policymakers and researchers. This data can inform policies aimed at preventing and responding to stalking effectively.

5. Cross-Agency Collaboration: The registry would facilitate cross-agency collaboration, allowing different law enforcement agencies to share information and coordinate efforts to protect survivors.

Towards a Multifaceted Response to Gender-Based Violence

The multifaceted nature of gender-based violence calls for fomultidimensionaled responses. The proposed National Database for Gender-Based Violence and National Stalking Registry represent significant steps in this direction. By providing comprehensive data, enhancing survivor safety, holding perpetrators accountable, and informing evidence-based policies, these initiatives aim to address the diverse needs of survivors and foster a safer and more equitable society.

As these advocacy efforts gain traction, engaging in constructive dialogues and collaborations involving survivors, advocacy organizations, policymakers, and law enforcement agencies is crucial. Together, we can work towards a future where gender-based violence is no longer a pervasive issue and where survivors are provided with the multifaceted support and protection they deserve. These comprehensive legislative initiatives offer a beacon of hope in the fight against gender-based violence in Canada and serve as a model for other nations committed to ending this widespread injustice.

16 Days of Action Against Gender Violence

By Julia Smith, General Member

The 16 Days of Action against Gender-Based Violence is an international call for action to help eradicate violence against women, girls, and 2SLGBTQI+ individuals. It occurs from November 25th  (the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women) until December 10th (Human Rights Day). 

The 16 days were initially created at the 1991 Women Global Leadership Institute, where it was hoped these days would spread awareness about the hardships so many women and 2SLGBTQI+ people go through every day. According to the World Health Organization, in 2021 alone, approximately 45,000 women and girls worldwide were killed by their intimate partners or other family members. Each year, the focus for the 16 days varies. Last year's theme was #endfemicied, which helped to spread awareness of the killing of a woman and girls by men on account of their gender, a pressing issue, particularly in countries where women are regarded as second-class citizens. Over the years, themes have ranged from Generation Equality Stands Against Rape (2019) to  How Can YOU  Prevent Violence against Women (2015). 

This year‘s focus is  “Unite! Invest to protect women and girls”. 

This theme calls for all members of society to come together not only in support and solidarity but with an open mind eager to implement programming, allocate funding from governments, as well as 3rd party organizations and hear new ideas as to what we can do to end the “pandemic against women ''. The collaboration of governments worldwide and outside organizations in past years has proven to be successful, with more than 5 million people signing a global petition to make ending violence against women a top worldwide priority in 2009, to adding women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people as a clause in the UN’s pandemic response plans. The pandemic response plan will guide UN Women's work for four years. 

This year, one of the initiatives being promoted is the #NoExcuse campaign aimed at seeking urgent investments from governments and charitable organizations to prevent violence against women and girls. Investments gathered will be used to foster awareness, improve resources for women victims of abuse, and promote gender-based violence awareness on university campuses. With this campaign, individuals are encouraged to repost an updated information package, sharing facts about the violence against women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people on social media. By doing so, it is hoped that awareness will be raised and more funds will be allocated to education, mitigation, and understanding. 

What can you do to participate in the 2023 16 Days of Action campaign? 

1.  You can share information on social media and educate those around you. 

2. You can write letters to members of parliament demanding more action on this issue. 

3. You can offer much-needed support to anyone in your life who has openly shared about experiencing gender-based violence. 

4.  You might consider supporting your local women's shelter.

5. Lastly, you can speak up and get help if you witness gender-based violence or think someone you know could be experiencing it. 

If we all work together, we can make a difference. 

Information gathered from: 

“16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence.” UN Women – Headquarters, www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/unite/16-days-of-activism#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20the%20UNITE%20Campaign,violence%20against%20women%20and%20girls%E2%80%9D. 

 ‘2022, 18 November. “In Focus: 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence.” UN Women – Headquarters, 18 Nov. 2022, www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/in-focus/2022/11/in-focus-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence. 

UN Women Values and Competencies Framework, www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/About%20Us/Employment/UN-Women-values-and-competencies-framework-en.pdf. 

Community Kitchens

By Julia Smith, General Member

Community kitchens are integral in helping end food insecurity in under-served communities by providing access to healthy and affordable food options. Lack of fresh produce and essential nutrients leads to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, which causes long-lasting damage to people’s health. With new foods being inaccessible to communities, many individuals are left to rely on unhealthy "convenience" food items due to their lower cost, perpetuating this negative cycle. 

By offering affordable and healthy meals, community kitchens help improve the community's overall health and well-being. Alongside providing nutritious meals, community kitchens often offer educational resources and workshops on various topics related to food and health. These resources help to empower individuals and families to take control of their health and wellness and provide them with lifelong skills, knowledge and tools to make healthier choices for themselves and their loved ones. Food preservation and gardening workshops can teach people how to grow their fruits and vegetables, while nutrition workshops can help people make more informed choices about the foods they eat, contributing to the community's overall well-being. 

Overall well-being encompasses a multitude of areas and is not solely limited to that of physical health. The feeling of belongingness and community is an essential aspect of overall well-being. The social part of community kitchens can help to reduce isolation and loneliness, which are common among individuals living in low-income areas. These feelings of isolation have an immense negative impact on mental health, which, in turn, leads to increased levels of anxiety and depression. As for those already suffering from mental health issues, creating a web of support is proven to play a significant role in one's recovery by working together to reach goals and provide the support that is crucial to staying well and engaging in the community. Community kitchens help create this much-needed aspect of support. When individuals feel connected and supported, they are more likely to engage with their community and participate in activities that promote their overall well-being. This can include joining group fitness classes, volunteering, or participating in community events, all activities that further contribute to positive mental well-being. By fostering a sense of community and connection, community kitchens can help create a positive and supportive environment that encourages individuals to care for their psychological and physical health, all while making meaningful connections. 

Community kitchens can also help to preserve and promote culinary traditions, allowing them to be passed down to future generations. In addition to maintaining and promoting traditional dishes, community kitchens serve as a space for experimentation and innovation. They provide a platform for chefs and home cooks to share their ideas and creations and can foster the development of new recipes and flavours.

By bringing people together around the shared love of food, community kitchens create a sense of belonging and connection, strengthening the bonds between individuals and fostering a sense of pride in their cultural heritage that will span across generations. As more and more communities recognize the importance of these spaces, continued support must be implemented to expand the network of community kitchens to ensure that everyone has access to healthy, affordable food and the benefits that come with it.

Why don't you research a community kitchen near you and see what you can do to help support those in your community? 

Holocaust Education Awareness: The Heroic Story of Lily and Max

By Julia Smith, General Member

Growing up, I noticed that we had many relatives on my father's side of the family. There are far fewer relatives on my mother's side of the family. My grandmother was Jewish. We sometimes went to synagogue with her and celebrated the holidays. She would cook yummy Jewish dishes and light the Friday night Shabbat candles. She was born in 1945, just after the war. Both her parents were survivors. 

Nearly all of her relatives died in the Holocaust. 

This is why that side of the family is so tiny. No one ever talks about the Holocaust anymore; kids my age aren't sure what it was. Generally speaking, very little education is provided to students in school about the Holocaust. This educates and empowers youth to make changes so history doesn't repeat itself. I wanted to honour my grandmother and her family, my relatives, and my ancestors by sharing awareness about the Holocaust with youth. I want people to know parts of their stories to make a personal connection. I don't want my relatives' lives to be a number or a statistic. I want to share with you the brave stories of my grandmother's parents, Max and Lily Brauer, who managed to live through the Holocaust, survive and rebuild their lives in a new country, Canada. I felt a calling to make a difference in the world. Recognizing a crucial gap in Holocaust education, especially tailored for young minds, I took it upon myself to create an impactful resource that would resonate with students in grades 6-12. I channelled my efforts into crafting a comprehensive video that encapsulated the heroic narratives of my great-grandparents. The need for this resource was apparent, as the resurgence of antisemitism had infiltrated school environments in Ottawa and beyond. In the face of these challenges, I saw an opportunity to become a trailblazer in youth-focused Holocaust education, striving to equip young minds with knowledge that would foster empathy, tolerance, and understanding.  

Including my family's story in my project took a lot of courage. I am generally a private person, as is the entire part of my family that was affected by the Holocaust. My grandmother hardly ever spoke about it, and my great-grandparents were dead so I couldn't ask for their permission. I wanted to make my family proud and let go of the shame and secrecy the older generations held onto. By speaking out, I am speaking for the generations that preceded me who could not do so. I have learned that this is the most potent act of respect I can do to honour my ancestors. Their stories need to be shared, heard, remembered and acknowledged. 

The Gender Pay Gap

By Julia Smith, General Member

The gender pay gap, a persistent issue affecting countries worldwide, is a glaring indicator of gender inequity. In Canada, a nation often commended for its commitment to gender equality, this gap remains a troubling reality. The gender pay gap refers to the difference in average earnings of people based on gender. It is a widely recognized indicator of gender inequities and exists across industries and professional levels throughout Canada. 

At the heart of the gender pay gap lies a  shocking statistic: women in Canada, whether working full-time or part-time, earn just 89 cents for every dollar their male counterparts make. This wage disparity is not simply a numerical difference; its consequences are profound and far-reaching,  particularly for women in vulnerable financial situations. This vulnerability is even more pronounced among women facing multiple barriers, including racialized women, Indigenous women, and those with disabilities. The combination of gender and other forms of discrimination magnifies the pay gap's impact, perpetuating an unjust cycle of economic disparity.

The struggle for equal pay has been a longstanding issue, and it wasn't until 1951 that Canada implemented "equal pay legislation (s)" requiring that men and women be paid the same wage for the same or identical work. However, the reality was far from equal, as men and women often worked in different occupations and industries, making the legislation ineffective in bridging the pay gap. Today, occupational disparities continue to contribute to the gender pay gap. A mere 34% of the workforce in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) comprises women. These fields are typically associated with higher-paying jobs, and the underrepresentation of women in STEM only exacerbates the wage disparity. 

It is imperative to bring forth the notion that Canada, with its reputation for gender equality, has faced international scrutiny for the persistence of the gender pay gap.  The United Nations Human Rights Committee 2015 raised concerns about "persisting inequalities between women and men" in the country. This global call-out emphasized the high level of the pay gap and its disproportionate impact on low-income women, racialized women, and Indigenous women.  It forces us to confront a critical question:

 How can a nation celebrate its commitment to equality still grapple with such a fundamental issue?

The gender pay gap in Canada is an alarming reality and a reflection of deep-seated inequalities. Its impact is felt most by the women who find themselves on the wrong side of this divide. To truly live up to our reputation as champions of gender equality, we must address the multifaceted nature of the pay gap.  It requires proactive measures, from dismantling occupational barriers to challenging stereotypes, to ensure equal pay for equal work becomes an unquestioned norm. The international call-out serves as a stark reminder that the pursuit of gender equality is an ongoing journey, one that demands unwavering commitment and dedication from all. 

The following links contain more shocking statistics and essential information on this issue to further your understanding:

Statistics- Canadian Woman.org: https://canadianwomen.org/the-facts/the-gender-pay-gap/ 

Statistics Canda improvements On the pay gap; https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/14-28-0001/2020001/article/00003-eng.htm 

Gender Pay gap in STEM fields: https://scwist.ca/closing-the-gender-pay-gap/#:~:text=A%20report%20by%20the%20Canadian,17%25%20and%20widens%20to%2021%25 

Youth Health in Canada: Unveiling Determinants, Pandemic Impacts, and Upstream Solutions

By Sree Nair, General Member

In Canada, the health and well-being of its youth are profoundly influenced by social determinants, encompassing income, education, employment, housing, and healthcare access. These factors significantly impact marginalized groups, including women, Indigenous communities, racial minorities, LGBTQ+ individuals, and individuals with limited socioeconomic resources, thereby exacerbating health disparities¹. To address these issues, Canada has been actively embracing and striving to implement upstream health initiatives, which delve into the root causes of these disparities.

Recent research has shed light on the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being of children and youth, offering invaluable insights into ongoing endeavours to address health inequalities among this demographic. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, Canadian children and adults received guidance to "stay at home" and practice physical distancing when venturing outdoors. During the pandemic, a significant decrease in physical activity levels was noted among children and youths, coupled with a notable increase in sedentary behaviour and screen time ².

This study revealed that during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020, many children and youth reported notable alterations in their emotional states³. Specifically, 37.6% divulged experiencing heightened boredom, while 31% expressed increased levels of worry compared to the pre-pandemic era. The study spotlighted modifiable factors encompassing access to friends, indoor and outdoor spaces/places for recreation and physical activity, and maintaining healthy movement behaviours throughout the pandemic with a reduced likelihood of reporting low SWB³.

These revelations carry significant implications for public health policy amid the pandemic, underscoring the importance of social connections and physical activity in promoting mental well-being among young people. As Canada persists in its quest to tackle health disparities and foster the health and well-being of its youth, it becomes increasingly vital to account for the multifaceted impacts of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and leverage research insights to shape policies and initiatives aimed at cultivating healthier, more resilient, and more equitable communities

1.    Northcott, A. (2023) Canadian teens still struggling with mental health even as pandemic wanes | CBC newsAlison Northcott, CBCnews. Available at: https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/canadian-teens-mental-health-1.6759486.

2.    Moore S.A.,et.al,. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on the movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: A national survey. Int. J. Behav. Nutrition Phys. Activity. 2020;17:85. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8.

3.    Mitra R, Waygood EOD, Fullan J. Subjective well-being of Canadian children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of the social and physical environment and healthy movement behaviours. Prev Med Rep. 2021 May 18;23:101404. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101404. PMID: 34189017; PMCID: PMC8220397.

World Kindness Day

By Laetitia Satem, General Member

World Kindness Day, celebrated annually on November 13th, was established in 1998 by a coalition of non-governmental organizations. This day encourages kindness at all levels, from homes to global communities. World Kindness Day must be celebrated this year more than ever in a world grappling with a poly-crisis, including war, climate change, food insecurity, and global hunger. It stands as a beacon of hope, inspiring individuals to come together, perform acts of kindness, and ignite positive change.

It is easy to feel disheartened by everything happening in the world, but it is precisely during these challenging moments that World Kindness Day has a crucial significance. It allows us to rekindle our hope and determination, inspire others to be kind, and make the changes they want to see in their communities. Let’s see more positive stories in the media instead of negative headlines and remind people that there is still good in the world.

Kindness knows no bounds; it can manifest on both small, personal scales and large, global platforms. Whether helping a neighbour, volunteering in your community, or contributing to a global cause, no act of kindness is insignificant. Every kind deed, no matter how modest, has the potential to create a ripple effect of positivity, impacting lives and communities. Even smiling at a stranger may create a ripple effect, where they pass on the same kindness you presented to them.

One remarkable aspect of World Kindness Day is its profound connection to mental well-being. Engaging in projects and initiatives that foster kindness can significantly boost mental health. By focusing on the positive actions they can take to improve their communities, people often experience a renewed sense of purpose and empowerment. Acts of kindness benefit those on the receiving end and provide a sense of fulfillment and happiness to the giver.

Practicing kindness can reduce stress, boost happiness, and improve overall mental health. Acts of kindness trigger the release of neurotransmitters like oxytocin and endorphins, which are associated with feelings of pleasure, connection, and reduced stress. Practicing kindness every day can lead to experiencing a more profound sense of belonging and satisfaction, leading to improved mental well-being.

Kindness also possesses the unique ability to spread from person to person. The age-old saying, "Kill them with kindness,” is more than a Selena Gomez song; it speaks to the idea that responding to negativity with genuine care and compassion can defuse conflicts and promote positive interactions. Small acts of kindness can create a ripple effect, which has the power to transcend borders, cultures, and backgrounds, making kindness a universal language that unites people in a shared commitment to make the world a better place.

World Kindness Day celebrates the extraordinary potential for positive change within each of us. It reminds us that even in the face of a poly-crisis, where problems seem insurmountable, our collective capacity for kindness can profoundly impact us. As we observe World Kindness Day, let us take this opportunity to commit to small and large acts of kindness, not only on this day but every day, for it is through such actions that we can illuminate the world with hope and compassion.

Deceptive Food Labels: Unmasking Misinformation and Empowering Consumers

By: Julia Smith, General Member

Food labels may be causing more harm than good 

In a recent study conducted by the New York Post, 82% of Americans stated that they have found food labels misleading, and over 93% feel like companies hide sugar in their products by using different words for sugar on their labels. This study highlights an issue that is extremely prevalent in today's society: Scientific Exploitation. Scientific exploitation is the misuse or misleading use of scientific words and phrases to deceive consumers into thinking that a certain product is “healthier” for the consumer. False advertising in the nutrition industry is an issue that corporations and society as a whole need to be addressing, for its impacts are detrimental and far-reaching. This article will discuss food advertising and misleading food labels, as well as educate individuals as to what everyday consumers can do to tackle false advertising.

Regulations published on January 1st, 2002 by Health Canada, by inspections, Canada made it mandatory for nutrition labels to list the calories, 13 core nutrients, and daily value (which is listed as %DV on food packages) on all packaged foods. This law was intended to provide more transparent information to consumers and empower individuals to compare the nutritional merits of products to make healthier choices. Yet, nowhere within Health Canada's online resources does it state that nutrition labels are allowed a “20% variability” in deducing the number of calories in a product.  Due to this misinformation, it is safe to say that the average consumer of packaged food products is not educated about this shocking statistic and is potentially consuming more calories than they think.  Web MD’s number one tip for “How to lose weight without dieting ”, is as follows;  

"You can trim calories effortlessly if you use low-fat and lower-calorie products, and if the product is mixed in with other ingredients, no one will ever notice. Doing this along with counting calories is the easiest way to lose weight!”. 

Web MD is not the only source that gives individuals looking to lose weight and live a healthier life this advice. The idea that switching to lower-calorie foods is the “best” way to lose weight without dieting is widely believed.  Yet, when understanding the fact that food labels are permitted to fabricate the number of calories in a product,  individuals who are trying to practice the “easy way to lose weight” diet may find that they are not reaching their desired results, by subconsciously consuming more calories than intended. 

Scientific Exploitation is a concern that consumers need to be on the constant lookout for. The words “all-natural” are one of the most common ways this advertising tactic is used. The FDA has considered the term "natural" to mean nothing artificial (including all colour additives regardless of source) has been added to a food that would not normally be expected to be in it. However, this policy was not intended to address food production methods, such as the use of pesticides. Nowhere in the policy document did it address food processing or manufacturing methods, such as thermal technologies, pasteurization, or irradiation. The FDA also did not consider whether the "natural" should describe any nutritional or other health benefit.

Similarly to the all-natural claim, “no sugar added” products are equally deceptive.  Although many foods may not have added sugar, they still contain high amounts of natural sugars.  No sugar added 100% juice, for example, is free of added sugar but is still full of sugar. Consumers make assumptions that these are low-sugar alternatives and healthier but “no sugar added” does not mean a product is calorie, carbohydrate or sugar-free. There are over 56 different names for sugar; it can be challenging to figure out how much sugar a food truthfully contains. One of the most common forms of sugar is ​​High Fructose Corn Syrup, a liquid that comes from corn starch. It consists of varying amounts of fructose and glucose, but the composition is essentially the same as sucrose or “table sugar”. Agave nectar is a natural sweetener that has been deemed the “healthy version of sugar”, although it is roughly 85% fructose, which is dangerously high and can lead to a range of health challenges.

In current food regulations, companies must list the amount of nutrients each food product contains, such as fat and cholesterol, vitamins, and minerals, but are not mandated to disclose the percentage of ingredients, such as the percentage of fruits or whole grains.  In the United States, the FDA doesn’t state how much natural fruit must be used for companies to make claims that the product is made with real fruit. Many popular kid's snacks like fruit snacks, granola bars, cereals, and juice may often contain very little, or trace amounts of fruit. Parents think they are buying healthier foods for their families, but are being duped by claims of false advertising. Welch's Fruit Snacks are another example of a popular lunchbox food that provides little fruit and astronomical amounts of sugar.  Each fruit snack package contains 11 grams (nearly 3 teaspoons) worth of sugar, which means that 43 percent of every bite children take is pure sugar.  

A better understanding of food labels is essential to guiding society in making educated nutrition decisions and staying clear of words and tactics that corporations use to falsely market products to consumers. Understanding that false advertising in the nutrition industry, specifically on food labels, has effects on society that will push everyday consumers of products to think critically about what they are putting into their bodies. After having read this article, it is hoped that the 82% of Americans who feel as if they have been lied to on food labels can develop the critical thinking skills necessary to decipher fact from fiction on food labels that are constantly preying on vulnerable consumers.   

References:

Government of Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. “Government of Canada.” Part 2 - Analysis and Feedback - Nutrition Labelling Compliance Test - Food Label Requirements - Canadian Food Inspection Agency, / Gouvernement Du Canada, 28 Sept. 2020, https://inspection.canada.ca/food-label-requirements/labelling/industry/nutrition-labelling/additional-information/compliance-test/eng/1409949165321/1409949250097?chap=3.

“How to Lose Weight Fast and Safely.” WebMD, WebMD, 15 Feb. 2021, https://www.webmd.com/diet/lose-weight-fast

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. “Use of the Term Natural on Food Labeling.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/use-term-natural-food-labeling

Kincaid, Erika. “5 Misleading Label Claims Struck down by the FTC.” Food Dive, 16 Oct. 2017, https://www.fooddive.com/news/labeling-claims-ftc-misleading/507201/

Creating a Culture of Consent: Strategies for Universities to Promote Respectful Relationships on Campus

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Figures from Statistics Canada published in 2020 show that nearly three-quarters of university students in Canada witnessed or experienced unwanted sexualized behaviours in a post-secondary setting in 2019—either on campus or in an off-campus situation that involved students or other people associated with the school. In August 2022, Statistics Canada reported that sexual assault is the only violent crime in Canada, not declining. According to the report, the sexual assault rate 2021 was the highest since 1996. There were more than 34,200 reports of sexual assault in Canada in 2021, an 18 percent increase from 2020. Despite the rise in reporting, the number of sexual assaults reported to police remains very low. In 2019, only six percent of sexual assault incidents the previous year had been reported to police. Almost one in seven women have been sexually assaulted at Canadian colleges and universities. And  71% of students have either witnessed or experienced unwanted sexual behaviour. 

A lot more needs to be done by universities to foster a culture of consent on their campuses. Here are some ways universities can play a crucial role in creating safe, respectful, and equitable environments that prioritize the well-being of all students and staff.

Comprehensive Consent Education Programs:

Universities can implement a consent culture by establishing comprehensive education programs beyond the basics of "no means no." These programs should delve into the nuances of consent, including the importance of enthusiastic and ongoing agreement. They can offer workshops, seminars, and online resources to help students and faculty understand consent in various contexts, such as intimate relationships, academic collaborations, and extracurricular activities.

Incorporating Consent into the Curriculum:

Integrating discussions of consent into the academic curriculum is a powerful way to make it a central part of campus culture. Professors can incorporate consent-related topics into their courses and learning resources. This approach ensures that students encounter the concept of consent in multiple disciplines and recognize its relevance in various aspects of life.

Clear and Enforceable Policies:

Universities must establish clear and enforceable policies addressing consent in all campus life aspects, including sexual misconduct, academic integrity, and organizational behaviour. These policies should outline expectations, procedures for reporting violations, and consequences for offenders. Ensuring these policies are widely known and consistently enforced creates a culture of accountability.

Supportive Resources and Reporting Mechanisms:

Providing accessible resources for survivors of consent violations is crucial. Universities should offer counselling services, confidential reporting mechanisms, and trained staff to guide survivors through the reporting and recovery process. These resources support survivors and demonstrate the institution's commitment to addressing consent-related issues.

Consent-Centered Orientation Programs:

Orientation programs are ideal for instilling a culture of consent among incoming students. Universities can incorporate consent workshops and discussions into orientation activities, setting a tone of respect and understanding from the beginning of a student's college experience.

Engaging Student Organizations and Clubs:

Student-led organizations and clubs play a vital role in shaping campus culture. Universities can collaborate with these groups to promote consent awareness and education. Encouraging clubs to adopt and promote consent-related policies and practices can have a far-reaching impact on campus life.

Faculty and Staff Training:

It is essential to provide ongoing training for faculty and staff to ensure they understand and uphold consent culture. Faculty can benefit from workshops on recognizing and addressing consent violations in academic settings, while administrative staff can receive training on supporting survivors and handling reports effectively.

Promoting Open Dialogue:

Creating spaces for open dialogue about consent is fundamental. Universities can organize forums, panel discussions, and town hall meetings where students, faculty, and staff can discuss consent-related topics, share experiences, and ask questions. Encouraging open and respectful conversations helps break down barriers and fosters a culture of understanding and empathy.

Evaluation and Adaptation:

Universities should regularly assess the effectiveness of their efforts to implement a consent culture. Collecting feedback from students and staff and making necessary adjustments to policies and programs ensures that the institution remains committed to creating a safe and respectful campus environment.

Community Partnerships:

Collaborating with local organizations and advocacy groups focused on consent education and sexual assault prevention can enhance universities' efforts. These partnerships can bring additional resources, expertise, and perspectives to campus initiatives, contributing to a more comprehensive approach to consent culture implementation.

Consent culture is vital on college campuses as it sets the foundation for safe, respectful, and equitable environments. On-campus, it not only helps prevent incidents of sexual assault and harassment but also fosters a climate where students can freely express their boundaries and desires without fear. It encourages open dialogue and education about consent, empowering students to make informed decisions about their relationships and interactions. By promoting consent culture, campuses create spaces where students can thrive emotionally, socially, and academically, ensuring everyone's autonomy and well-being are respected and upheld.

Leisha Toory is a Political Science undergraduate at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, the founder of Period Priority Project, and a SRHR activist. 

Fall Vaccinations and their Importance

By Ysabelle Tumaneng, General Member

Fall vaccinations are well underway. As a post-secondary student, I have learned about the importance of vaccination in my science classes and how it plays a crucial role in protecting individuals and the community. Vaccination is introducing a vaccine into the body to stimulate an immune response against a specific disease. By doing so, the body develops immunity to that disease without having to experience the symptoms of the illness. This protects the individual from getting sick and prevents the spread of the disease to others.

Unfortunately, there is a lot of misinformation about vaccines, which can lead to vaccine hesitancy or even refusal. This is concerning because when individuals choose not to get vaccinated, they put themselves at not only risk but also those around them who may not be able to receive vaccines, such as individuals with weakened immune systems or allergies.

Healthcare providers and public health organizations across Canada work together to promote the importance of vaccination and provide education about vaccine safety and effectiveness. It is important to remember that vaccines have been extensively studied and are safe and effective in preventing infectious diseases.

As a student, I understand the importance of vaccinations in preventing outbreaks of diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza. These diseases can spread quickly in schools and universities, leading to missed school days, hospitalizations, and even death. Vaccinations not only protect us as individuals but also help to keep our communities healthy.

In addition to the efforts of healthcare providers and public health organizations, non-profit organizations across Canada are also working to educate and promote vaccinations, particularly among youth, immigrants, and refugees. These organizations play a critical role in helping to ensure that these vulnerable populations have access to accurate information about vaccinations and can receive the necessary immunizations.

One such organization is the Canadian Centre for Immigrant and Refugee Health Care (CCIRHC), which provides healthcare services and education to immigrants and refugees in the Greater Toronto Area. CCIRHC works to increase awareness about vaccinations and to provide access to immunizations for individuals who may have difficulty navigating the healthcare system due to language or cultural barriers.

Another organization working to promote vaccinations among youth in Canada is the Youth Coalition for Sexual and Reproductive Rights (YCSRR), which focuses on sexual and reproductive health education for young people. As part of their efforts, YCSRR provides education about the importance of vaccinations for preventable diseases such as HPV, meningitis, and hepatitis B.

In Vancouver, the Immigrant Services Society of BC (ISSofBC) provides a range of services to newcomers, including access to healthcare and immunizations. ISSofBC ensures that immigrants and refugees can receive the necessary vaccinations and have access to accurate information about the importance of immunizations.

In Montreal, the Association for the Health and Social Integration of Immigrants (AHSSI) works to improve the health and well-being of immigrants and refugees. AHSSI provides a range of services, including access to healthcare and education about the importance of vaccinations for preventable diseases.

These are just a few examples of the many non-profit organizations across Canada working to promote vaccinations and educate about the importance of immunizations. By working with healthcare providers and public health organizations, these organizations are helping to ensure that all Canadians have access to the information and services they need to protect themselves and their communities from preventable diseases.

By vaccinating, we can protect ourselves and those around us from preventable diseases. Let us all work together to promote vaccination and ensure the health and safety of our communities.

References:

1. The Public Health Agency of Canada has information about NIAW, including resources for healthcare providers and the public: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/immunization/national-immunization-awareness-week.html

2. Immunize Canada is a national partnership that promotes the importance of vaccination: https://immunize.ca/

3. The Canadian Immunization Guide provides information about vaccines, including recommendations for their use: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-1-key-immunization-information/page-1-introduction.html

4. The Canadian Paediatric Society has resources about vaccinations for children: https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/vaccination-protects-children

5. The Canadian Medical Association has a policy on vaccinations: https://policybase.cma.ca/documents/policypdf/PD19-01.pdf

6. The World Health Organization has information about vaccinations and vaccine-preventable diseases: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1

7. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

8. The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety has information about vaccinations in the workplace: https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/diseases/vaccinations.html

9. The Canadian Nurses Association has information about vaccinations and the role of nurses in promoting immunization: https://cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/ps109_immunization_e.pdf

10. The Canadian Pharmacists Association has information about vaccinations and the role of pharmacists in promoting immunization: https://www.pharmacists.ca/cpha-ca/assets/File/cpha-on-the-issues/CPhA_Immunization_Position_EN.pdf

International Pronouns Day

By Laetitia Satam, General Member

Happy International Pronouns Day! International Pronouns Day is celebrated on the third Wednesday of October each year and has been an official day since 2018. It is a day to remind people that using your preferred pronouns is one of the simplest forms of respect. International Pronoun Day is not merely a symbolic gesture but a crucial step towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society for everyone.

You may have noticed that more spaces are transitioning towards asking for pronouns and ensuring that they are respected. From name tags to your Zoom name, pronouns are essential to identity. And I know some people think, “Well, I think it is obvious what pronouns I use,” but that line of thinking is not progressive. Pronouns are a fundamental aspect of language and communication. Most of us are familiar with the commonly used pronouns, such as "he," "she," and "they." However, it is essential to recognize that not everyone identifies with these binary gender categories. To break gender stereotypes, we have to break the notion that there is no way to assume someone's pronouns, even if you think you present as a gender-conforming cisgender person. When everyone in a space shares their pronouns (if they are comfortable doing so - some people may be figuring out which pronouns align with their identity), it fosters an inclusive environment for everybody. Imagine being the only person in the room with your pronouns on a name tag; you might feel a little out of place.

One of the primary goals of International Pronoun Day is to promote gender inclusivity. Traditionally, many societies have operated under a binary understanding of gender, where individuals are categorized as either male or female. This binary perspective has excluded and marginalized those whose gender identity does not conform to these norms. By recognizing and respecting a person's pronouns, we affirm their gender identity, whether non-binary, genderqueer, transgender or any other identity. This simple act of respect goes a long way in creating a more welcoming and inclusive environment for everyone. It sends a powerful message that individuals should not be confined to rigid gender expectations but should be free to express themselves authentically.

International Pronoun Day also plays a crucial role in reducing discrimination and stigma against transgender and non-binary individuals. Many people within these communities face discrimination, harassment, and violence simply because their gender identity does not align with societal expectations. By recognizing and respecting their pronouns, we take a significant step towards dismantling these harmful prejudices. Recent news articles have been reporting that while hate crimes are decreasing, there has been an increase in transphobic hate crimes, making this year’s International Pronoun Day especially important.

International Pronoun Day reminds us of the significance of gender inclusivity and the importance of respecting individuals' pronouns. It is a day dedicated to fostering understanding, reducing discrimination, and creating a more inclusive world. By embracing this observance, we build a society where everyone can express their gender identity authentically and without fear, ultimately promoting a more equitable and compassionate world for future generations.

If you want more resources about International Pronoun Day, check out the websites below!

https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/maple-leaf/defence/2021/10/internationa l-pronouns-day-using-inclusive-language.html

https://pronouns.org/day

https://www.sace.ca/pronouns-day/

Innovations in Period Equity: Pioneering Policies for Canada

By Leisha Toory, General Member

Period equity, a crucial aspect of gender equality, remains a challenge in many parts of the world, including Canada. To address this, innovative and unprecedented policies are needed. In this article, with Period Action Day on October 14, we explore novel approaches to advance period equity in Canada, acknowledging the urgency of destigmatizing menstruation, ensuring access to menstrual products, and fostering an inclusive and supportive environment.

Menstrual Product Accessibility Program

Implementing a national program to provide free or subsidized menstrual products in public spaces is an innovative step toward period equity. Similar to the model of free condom distribution, this policy could include dispensers in schools, universities, public bathrooms, and community centers. By normalizing the availability of menstrual products, this program reduces financial barriers and promotes a more inclusive society.

Menstrual Leave Legislation

Introducing menstrual leave as part of employment standards could be a groundbreaking policy. Modelled after existing sick leave policies, this legislation would acknowledge individuals' challenges during menstruation. Allowing employees to take a few days off without repercussions could lead to a more compassionate and understanding workplace culture.

Menstrual Health Education Mandate

A comprehensive and standardized menstrual health education program in schools can contribute significantly to period equity. By incorporating age-appropriate menstrual health education into the curriculum, starting from an early age, we can destigmatize menstruation, create a generation of informed individuals, and foster empathy. This policy ensures that menstruation is not a taboo topic but an integral aspect of human biology.

Corporate Menstrual Equity Certification

Introducing a certification system for corporations that actively promote period equity within their organizations can encourage the widespread adoption of inclusive policies. Companies that provide free menstrual products, implement menstrual leave policies, and foster supportive environments can receive a Menstrual Equity Certification, signalling their commitment to gender equality and employee well-being.

Period-Friendly Public Infrastructure Design

Incorporating menstrual product dispensers and disposal units in public infrastructure design is a policy that reflects a commitment to inclusivity. Public spaces, including parks, transportation hubs, and government buildings, can be equipped with these facilities, ensuring that individuals can manage their periods with dignity, regardless of location.

Government-Backed Research Grants for Menstrual Health

Supporting research on menstrual health is pivotal for understanding the diverse needs of individuals. The government could allocate research grants specifically for studying menstrual health, including disorders, cultural perspectives, and innovative product development. This policy ensures that policymaking is informed by evidence-based research.

Inclusive Shelters and Housing Policies

Homeless and marginalized populations often face heightened challenges related to menstruation. Implementing inclusive shelter and housing policies that guarantee access to menstrual products, adequate sanitation facilities, and menstrual health support services is crucial for addressing the unique needs of these vulnerable communities.

Period equity is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires innovative policies to create lasting change. The proposed guidelines are not exhaustive but represent a starting point for a comprehensive approach to advancing period equity in Canada. By embracing these innovative ideas, policymakers can foster a more inclusive, supportive, and equitable society, where menstruation is destigmatized, and all individuals can manage their periods with dignity.

Leisha Toory is a Political Science undergraduate at Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, and the founder of Period Priority Project.

Food Insecurity in Ottawa

Food insecurity in Ottawa; What is a Food Desert

By Julia Smith, General Member

Food insecurity is an issue that continues to plague communities worldwide, including some of Canada's most vibrant urban areas. In the heart of Ottawa, the nation's capital, lies West Centretown, a district encompassing neighbourhoods like Little Italy and Chinatown. A recent study commissioned by the Somerset West Community Health Centre has brought to light the harsh realities of food insecurity in this region, labelling it a "food desert." This term describes areas where vulnerable populations lack access to affordable, nutritious food.

The Food Security Feasibility Study, published on November 24, underscores the critical issue of food insecurity in West Centretown. This study was initiated in response to feedback from the area's low-income residents, who expressed concerns about the accessibility and affordability of food. The study results were eye-opening: a staggering 28.2 percent of West Centretown's residents are classified as low-income, compared to the Ottawa average of 12.6 percent. This alarming statistic signifies immediate action to safeguard the health and well-being of hundreds of individuals at risk of going hungry or consuming unhealthy foods. Food insecurity affects specific demographics within West Centretown even more acutely. As many as 38 percent of youth aged 15 to 24 fall into the lower-income bracket, while 40 percent of seniors live in low-income households.

The Somerset West Community Health Centre commissioned a study in response to feedback from the area’s low-income residents on the accessibility and affordability of food, to determine the number of individuals living in poverty, to see what change in the area needed to be made. The results of the study were simply astonishing. 28.2 percent of the area’s residents are classified as low-income, compared to the Ottawa average of 12.6 percent. This deemed that prominent changes needed to be made, to safeguard the health of hundreds of individuals at risk of going hungry or damaging their health by consistently eating unhealthy foods.

Efforts are underway to rectify the food desert problem in West Centretown. New stores are being constructed beneath a luxury apartment building, offering a glimmer of hope for the community. Among these new establishments is Mercato Zacconi, an upscale Italian grocer. However, concerns linger about whether these new stores will cater to the diverse income levels present in the neighbourhood.

While West Centretown does have several fast-food and restaurant options, most are still out of reach financially for those affected by food insecurity. The closest grocery options, Metro, Farm Boy, and Food Basics, are several kilometres away, making it inconvenient for residents to regularly access fresh and nutritious food. There are limited food banks in the area as well.

Food insecurity takes a toll not only on physical health but also on mental well-being. Individuals experiencing food insecurity are at a higher risk of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety disorders, and suicidal thoughts. These findings underscore the urgent need to address food insecurity as a holistic health issue.

Several changes are imperative to transform West Centretown from a food desert into a thriving, food-secure community. Prices and food options must become healthier and more affordable. This requires a collaborative effort from local businesses, policymakers, and community organizations to ensure every resident can access nutritious food. Ensuring food security for all residents of West Centretown, and other neighbourhoods in Canada facing similar issues is not just a matter of policy; it's a fundamental step toward creating a healthier, more equitable community where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.

Interesting graphs highlighting the holistic healthcare aspect of this issue:

Please click on the following links for more information:

Food is Power.Org- Shocking Statistics:

https://foodispower.org/access-health/food-deserts/

Food Dessers in Different Canadian Cities:

https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/934a49ffcdf347aa8cec1ccde13978c5

World Mental Health Day

By Karen Tang, General Member

Every year, World Mental Health Day is held on October 10th. This year's theme is an annual event hosted by the World Health Organization, “Mental health is a universal human right.” This year’s event aims to “improve knowledge, raise awareness and drive actions that promote and protect everyone’s mental health as a universal human right.”

In recent years, and with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, mental health has been at the forefront of people’s minds. This is especially true for youth and adolescents, with many attending classes virtually at home, leading to a loss of social support and structure and increasing isolation and loneliness. The World Health Organization has acknowledged that this has created a global mental health crisis, with a rise of 25% in anxiety and depressive disorder during the first year of the pandemic alone. However, we most likely won’t know about the long-term ramifications of this crisis for years to come. This highlights the importance of mental health, but how might we go about talking about mental health to start taking action?

Talking about and having a conversation about mental health is not always easy! Especially if you’ve never initiated the topic conversation before. Here are some tips for talking about mental health:

Talking about your mental health

1.     Determine who you want to talk to: Choose someone you trust, like a family member/loved one or colleague. Or perhaps you are more comfortable speaking to someone you don’t know, such as a support hotline or professional counsellor.

2.     Think about the best place to talk: With the rise of telehealth, you can speak to someone in person or through virtual means like Phone or text messaging. You will want to find a place where you will have privacy to talk honestly; ideally, you will be less likely to be disrupted.  

3.     Prepare yourself for other’s reactions: Hopefully, when you reach out to someone, you get an excellent and validating response from them. However, there is still a stigma around mental health. So, if you don’t get the answer you were looking for, that may be due to various reasons, such as they may be worried about you or not fully understanding your challenges. If that is the case, try and give them time to process and ask you questions to help their understanding. Don’t forget to be kind to yourself and engage in self-care!

Talking to someone about their mental health

1.     Find the best place to talk: It is essential to find a space where you will not be disturbed or distracted to ensure you give the person your full, undivided attention. This is a great time to turn off or silence your Phone so you won’t be interrupted.

2.     Actively listen and ask questions: Active listening is a vital skill to master. Demonstrate you actively listen by facing the speaker, making eye contact, and being careful not to interrupt. Asking questions to clarify what they mean also helps show you actively listen and follow their train of thought. Ensure the questions you ask are relevant to what they are saying and not changing the subject.

3.     Ask how you can support them: Ask how you can help support this person, rather than jumping to making suggestions or trying to solve their problems. They might want support in making a mental health appointment, helping access mental health support and services, or simply having someone to talk to.

I hope World Mental Health Day will shed light on the increasing importance of mental health and bridge the gap between awareness and taking action while decreasing the stigma about mental health. We should prioritize valuing mental health and well-being daily, 365 days a year.

 Useful resources:

World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Day: https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-mental-health-day

CMHA main website- https://cmha.ca/

Suicide prevention- https://talksuicide.ca/    

CMHA in your area- https://cmha.ca/find-help/find-cmha-in-your-area/  

Kids Help Phone- https://kidshelpphone.ca/get-info/kids-help-phones-wheel-of-well-being/

Let Children Be Children; Child Marriages

By Julia Smith, General Member

Indian officials have arrested 2,169 men based on 4,074 registered police cases involving about 8,000 men this year alone concerning child marriages. 

In India, the legal age for marriage is 21 for men and 18 for women. However, despite these age restrictions, child marriages continue to be prevalent in the country. Various factors contribute to this problem, including poverty, lack of education, and deeply ingrained social norms and practices, particularly in rural areas. Unfortunately, child marriage is not exclusive to India, as more than 100 million girls worldwide are expected to be married before their eighteenth birthday in the next decade. Moreover, the ongoing pandemic has exacerbated the situation, putting up to 10 million additional girls at risk of becoming child brides.

Child marriage is fundamentally rooted in gender inequality, and this harmful practice disproportionately affects girls. Globally, the prevalence of child marriage among boys is significantly lower than that among girls, highlighting the deeply ingrained gender disparities. Child marriage deprives girls of their childhood and severely threatens their lives and health. Girls who marry before the age of 18 are more likely to experience domestic violence and are less likely to continue their education. Consequently, they face worse economic and health outcomes than their unmarried peers, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage that extends to their children. This further strains a country's ability to provide quality health and education services, perpetuating the cycle of poverty and inequality.

One of the grave consequences of child marriage is the early pregnancy and childbirth experienced by young brides. Adolescent pregnancies carry a significantly higher risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. These young girls often lack the physical and emotional maturity required to handle pregnancy and childbirth, leading to increased health risks for themselves and their infants. Additionally, child marriage often isolates girls from their families and communities, depriving them of social support networks and opportunities for participation. This isolation affects their physical and psychological well-being, leading to long-lasting physical and mental health issues.

Recognizing the urgent need to address this issue, India's Parliament is currently considering legislation to raise the age for marriage for women from 18 to 21, aligning it with the age for men. This proposed legislation aims to promote gender equality and empower girls by allowing them to complete their education and attain economic independence. Raising the marriage age would enable young girls to fully develop physically and psychologically before entering such a life-altering commitment. By safeguarding the rights and freedoms of young girls, this legislation would serve as a significant step towards protecting and empowering them globally.

India's efforts to combat child marriage can also serve as a beacon of hope and inspiration for other developing nations facing similar challenges. By implementing legislative changes and prioritizing the well-being and rights of young girls, countries worldwide can work together to eradicate child marriage and create a safer, more equal future for all.

Inquiry questions to challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of this issue. 

1. How should the men instigating this be prosecuted, and what sentences/charges reflect the severity of their actions?

1. What age do you believe should be the marriage age? 

1. What programming is needed to make a change; what can Canada do ?

1. How are YOU going to make a change? 

For more information, feel free to click on the links below: 

https://globalnews.ca/news/9460409/indian-police-illegal-child-marriages/ 

“Indian police crackdown on illegal child marriages, over 2,000 arrested” 

https://www.unicef.org/protection/child-marriage 

UNICEF’S updated statistics about child marriage rates globally 

https://www.worldvision.ca/stories/gender-equality/child-marriage-facts-and-how-to-help 

“How can I help to end child marriage”

World Contraception Day!

By Mindalynn Frelick, General Member

Did you know that World Contraception Day is September 26th? Many forms of contraception exist on the market that some people may not even know about. You can get hormonal, non-hormonal, and even barrier methods. The wide variety can cause confusion, so let’s discuss it!

Hormonal methods come in various forms and provide varying degrees of protection. There is the wildly popular birth control pill. Combination pills contain estrogen and progestin, and the mini pill includes progestin. The pill must be taken simultaneously every day to maintain peak effectiveness. The patch also releases estrogen and progestin transdermally (through the skin) throughout the week. The patch is applied weekly to the outer arm, backside, or belly, but cannot be placed on the breasts. This method releases estrogen faster than the pill so it can cause worse side effects.

The vaginal ring also contains estrogen and progestin and works by slowly releasing the hormones directly through the vaginal wall. The ring is placed around the cervix for three weeks and then removed for seven days. It must be put back in place after precisely seven days for peak effectiveness. This method usually has fewer side effects than the pill. IUDs, also known as contraceptive coils, can be placed by a healthcare provider and remain effective for 3-5 years. They stop the lining in the uterus from building and thicken the cervical mucus to prevent sperm cells from reaching the egg. The egg also cannot implant due to lack of lining.

A hormonal injection is also effective for three months at a time. This method is effective but has harsh side effects. The hormone levels are so high that the side effects are much worse than with the pill's low dose. The final hormonal method I will be discussing is the implant. This method uses a small, pill-shaped device implanted under the arm's skin every three years. A healthcare provider places this. This method is invasive, and the insertion causes discomfort, so it is not generally recommended often.

Non-hormonal methods can be permanent or temporary as well. Female and male (sex) sterilization are two permanent methods that damage the anatomy that makes reproduction possible. In tubal ligation, the fallopian tubes are disconnected so that eggs can no longer reach the uterus for fertilization. A vasectomy is similar because the vas deferens tube is ligated (severed or sutured) so that sperm cells are no longer among the semen that is ejaculated. This means that the egg cannot be fertilized because there is no sperm to fertilize them. Another non-hormonal method is the copper IUD, which lasts five to ten years. This method works by causing swelling of the tissues in the uterus, damaging the mobility of the sperm cells. This method can be used as emergency contraception because of the inflammatory response, stopping implantation.

Chemical methods such as spermicide, which damages the midsection of sperm cells, causes immobility and death of said cells, and contraceptive gel, which affects vaginal pH and kills sperm cells due to increased acidity, are less effective. When combined with barrier methods, their effectiveness goes up, but user error is standard and can cause the significance to be drastically reduced.

Barrier methods such as condoms, sponges, cervical caps, and diaphragms are the only methods used to prevent STIs and pregnancy. These methods are prone to user error and work best when combined with other methods.

Contraceptives can be intimidating, especially with the long lists of warnings and side effects accompanying some methods. Still, they are very effective pregnancy prevention methods with proper use and planning. It is essential to talk to your doctor to find the best method for experimenting with contraceptives because sometimes the first thing you try doesn’t agree with your system.

Climate change; How an Increase in Temperature of Two Degrees Will Change Life as We Know it

By Julia Smith, General Member

Climate change is a global issue impacting the world for many years, and its effects are becoming increasingly evident. It refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas and mass industrialization. These activities release greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing the Earth's temperature to rise.

To fully understand the sheer magnitude of this issue, scientists and researchers have been utilizing advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) to study climate patterns and make predictions. Recent AI analyses have revealed alarming findings, indicating that the planet is on track to cross a critical warming threshold sooner than expected. This threshold, often associated with a global temperature rise of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, is believed to have catastrophic and irreversible impacts on all aspects of society.   The impacts of climate change are vast and wide-ranging, affecting every facet of life. From a social perspective, a temperature rise of over 2 degrees Celsius will push approximately three billion people into chronic water scarcity, leading to severe water shortages and causing food production to decline. This will directly impact people's livelihoods, exacerbating poverty, hunger, and inequality and strip them of fundamental human rights. Vulnerable communities, particularly in developing countries, will be disproportionately affected.

From an economic standpoint, the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as flooding, droughts, wildfires, and food shortages will have significant repercussions. These events will weaken economic growth, damage infrastructure, and capital stock, and disrupt supply chains. Labor productivity will also decline as the world economy adapts to higher temperatures, potentially leading to job losses and economic instability. Climate change poses a significant risk to global prosperity and financial stability. The aforementioned social and economic consequences will amplify political violence, social unrest, and geopolitical risks. As communities face food insecurity and water stress, the pressure to migrate for better conditions will increase, potentially leading to conflicts and tensions between nations. This can strain global peace and stability, exacerbating existing political challenges and potentially giving rise to new ones. Already, we have witnessed examples of climate change-induced conflicts, such as Sudan's civil war, where environmental factors have intensified competition over resources.

The AI-predicted crossing of the critical warming threshold serves as a wake-up call for all of us to take urgent action to mitigate the impacts of climate change. This global issue affects us all, regardless of borders, socioeconomic status, or political affiliations. Individuals, communities, businesses, and governments must develop effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, promote sustainable practices, and adapt to existing changes.

Every one of us has a role to play in addressing climate change. As individuals, we can make conscious choices in our daily lives to reduce our carbon footprint, such as conserving energy, minimizing waste, adopting sustainable transportation options, and supporting environmentally friendly initiatives. Additionally, we can engage in climate activism, raise awareness about the issue, and advocate for policy changes that prioritize climate action. Businesses are responsible for embracing sustainable practices, investing in clean technologies, and integrating environmental considerations into their decision-making processes. By adopting sustainable production methods, reducing emissions, and prioritizing circular economy principles, businesses can contribute to the collective effort to combat climate change while unlocking new economic opportunities.

The predicted crossing of the critical warming threshold is a stark reminder of the urgency and magnitude of the problem. We must all take responsibility and contribute to the collective effort to mitigate climate change. By making sustainable choices, supporting clean technologies, and advocating for policy changes, we can help safeguard our planet and create a better future for future generations.

Click on the links below to learn more! 

https://www.nature.com/nclimate

Nature Climate Change is a monthly journal “dedicated to publishing the most significant and cutting-edge research on the science of climate change, its impacts and wider implications for the economy, society and policy.”

https://whistleblower.org/climate-science-watch

The Government Accountability Project l Climate Science Watch project is committed to “holding public officials accountable for using climate research effectively and with integrity in dealing with the challenge of global climate disruption.”  

https://climate.nasa.gov/explore/ask-nasa-climate

“To provide the public with accurate and timely news and information about Earth’s changing climate, along with current data and visualizations, presented from the unique perspective of NASA, the world’s leading climate research agency.” 

Gender Equality Week

By Kate Tucker, General Member

In 2018, the Canadian government officially marked the fourth week of September as Gender Equality Week. Gender Equality Week is an opportunity to raise awareness of the critical contributions women and gender-diverse communities to the growth, development, character, and identity of Canada; to celebrate the significant achievements and accomplishments that we have made in advancing gender equality, and to reconfirm our commitments to addressing persistent gender equality gaps in our country. Created in response to the #MeToo and Women's March movements, the overrepresentation of older women in poverty and women who face gender-based violence, the lack of effort to address inequitable pay for women and gender minorities, and the unsolved cases of Missing and Murdered Indigenous women, Gender Equality Week strives to both celebrate the accomplishments of women and gender diverse populations as well as amplify the need to continue working towards gender equality in Canada.

What is Gender Equality?

Gender Equality is the equal treatment of people of all genders- women, men, trans, and gender-diverse folks, so that we can all achieve our full societal potential. Gender equality does not just benefit women or gender-diverse folks. It promotes the opportunity for all people to live in a more accessible, fulfilling, and supportive environment. Gender equality has countless benefits, including increased fairness and justice, improved health and happiness, increased peace and security, and even contributed to expanded economic prosperity. Gender equality is a global issue, with countries worldwide offering varying degrees of gender equality in their societies. While some nations are advocating for the capacity for girls to attend schools, others are working to provide extended paternity leave- all of which contribute to building an equality-centred global community. To reap the complete benefits of gender equality, international action must be taken to support the initiative. However, acting nationally, such as the designation of Gender Equality Week, and locally with a global perspective allows other nations to consider their role in addressing gender equality.

Gender Equality Week Act

On the 21st of June 2018, the Gender Equality Week Act received Royal Assent. The bill discusses the desire to increase awareness of the significant contributions Canadian women (and gender-diverse populations) make to Canada's growth, development, character, and identity. It also acknowledges that equality and compassion for all individuals remain among Canada's foremost aspirations, and all Canadians are responsible for addressing women's social and economic challenges, which are fundamentally human issues. To that token, the Act emphasizes that all Canadians, particularly men and those who do not identify as women or gender minorities, are encouraged to be engaged during Gender Equality Week and throughout the year in achieving greater inclusiveness and gender equality in Canada.

The foundation for gender equality and the passing of this bill is rooted in the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which ensure that federal gender equality laws protect the right to equality. A legislative commitment to equality in all forms has not been around for long. In 1916, women in Manitoba became the first in Canada to vote in a provincial election. In 1929, women were officially included in the legal definition of "persons" due to the tremendous efforts of the Famous Five. In 1971, the Minister responsible for the Status of Women was created, and in 1977, the Canadian Human Rights Act was passed, forbidding discrimination based on sex. In 1985, the Indian Act was revised and reinstated Indian status for women who lost it through marriage to a man without a position. In 1993, Kim Campbell became the first and only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Canada. 2009, the first Trans March in Canada was organized during Toronto Pride. In 2015, the first full Minister of Status of Women position was created at the federal level, and the Government of Canada launched the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. In 2018 addition to the creation of Gender Equality Week, Women and Gender Equality Canada was legislated as a department with an expanded mandate to advance equality for sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression. Since then, further work has continued to improve gender equality in Canada and worldwide; however, a consistent and ongoing commitment to actional ways of improving equality is still strongly required for the foreseeable future.  

Image inspired by Government of Canada’s Gender Equality Timeline

Gender Equality Week- What Can You Do?

This year, the fifth anniversary of Gender Equality Week in Canada, the theme for the week is United for Gender Equality: Stronger Together. The week's focus highlights commitment to inclusivity and equality by recognizing and celebrating the diversity within the country. The theme encourages unity among individuals regardless of their gender, sexual orientation, racial background, or level of education. It encourages reflection on what it truly means to work toward an equitable future.

 There are a few ways that you can be involved in sharing the message of Gender Equity Week and celebrate both the accomplishments and ambitions in working towards gender equality.

• Use the Gender Equality Week 2023 digital toolkit: The Canadian government has created a series of digital tools, including social media templates, a virtual meeting background, and various other resources to support you in demonstrating your participation in Gender Equality Week.

• Review the Government of Canada Learning Toolkit for Gender Equality Week. This page has some great tools to support your learning about gender-based analysis, access resources for educators, review suggested research topics related to gender equality, and access suggestions for ways that you might connect with your community to discuss gender equality.

• Talk about it! Gender Equality Week is intended to support an equitable future for us all. Women and gender-diverse people often find themselves discussing, or mentally taking note of, the impact that gender equality, or a lack thereof, has on our lives. This is a great week to not only show your commitment to gender equality but also consider how you and your network might support gender equality through your language and actions. Share your ideas with others and hold one another accountable!

Virtual meeting background from the Government of Canada’s Gender Equality Week 2023 digital toolkit.

Looking to the Future: Gender EQUITY vs. Gender EQUALITY

There is no doubt that gender equality has significantly progressed in the last century; however, it is still apparent that, as a society, we have a long way to go. When considering how you can support gender equality and make a difference for women and gender-diverse folks in your community, I urge you to consider the concept of equity and equality. Equality means that each individual or group is given the same resources and opportunities, which is undoubtedly the long-term goal5. However, equality may not be the first step in achieving the society we all want to see. Equity recognizes everyone has different circumstances and allocates the appropriate resources and opportunities to reach equal outcomes. Equity does not give every person the same thing; it gives them what they need to be successful. While the long-term goal of a similar playing field is often highlighted, to achieve this goal, women and gender-diverse folks often require more than that, thus emphasizing equitable practices as opposed to equality, at least until everyone has similar circumstances. Even within gender, considerations for intersectionality, such as race, education, and socioeconomic status, may require different approaches through an equitable lens. A commitment to gender equity is necessary for eventual gender equality. This International Women's Day 2023 article explains this concept further and provides excellent resources for learning about gender equity and equality.

Image Source: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

As you and your community participate in Gender Equality Week this month, we encourage you to reflect on the progress made in the last century and consider what the next 100 years could look like for equity, equality, and inclusion in Canada and worldwide. Please let us know how you are engaging with Gender Equality Week; we love learning with you and look forward to continuing to support women and gender-diverse folks this week and every week.

1.         Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission. Gender Equality Week. https://humanrights.novascotia.ca/news-events/events/gender-equality-week.

2.         Singh, J. NDP Statement on Gender Equality Week. https://www.ndp.ca/news/ndp-statement-gender-equality-week (2018).

3.         Government of Canada. Gender Equality Week Act. (2018).

4.         Government of Canada. Gender equality timeline. https://women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/commemorations-celebrations/gender-equality-week/gender-equality-timeline.html (2023).

5.         International Women’s Day. Equality versus Equity: What’s the difference as we #EmbraceEquity for IWD 2023 and beyond? https://www.internationalwomensday.com/Missions/18707/Equality-versus-Equity-What-s-the-difference-as-we-EmbraceEquity-for-IWD-2023-and-beyond (2023).

The Importance of Consent Awareness Week

By Julia Smith, General Member

Consent Awareness Week is observed annually beginning on the third Monday of September. Consent means giving someone a choice about touch or actions and respecting their answer. Silence should not be interpreted as consent; consent can be revoked. Only 28 percent of Canadians fully understand the meaning of consent, making consent awareness week a crucial week, mainly due to the rise in high-profile sexual assault cases in the media, sports teams, and student walkouts in response to sexual assaults on post-secondary campuses. The week is an annual reminder that Canadians have the right to feel safe and respected where they live, work, study and play.

The effects of not understanding consent are far-reaching. Each year, there are approximately 636,000 cases of self-reported sexual assault in Canada; 41 percent were self-reported by students at post-secondary institutions. The first six weeks of post-secondary education are designated the “red zone” when there is a significant increase in sexual violence at post-secondary schools.   The week invites all Ontarians, not just university-age students, to have thoughtful, affirming, and open, age-appropriate conversations about consent. The week also proves to be an opportunity for individuals to explore and reflect upon valuable life skills related to consent, such as active listening, body language reading, and respecting boundaries in all types of relationships. 

Ontario is the first province in Canada to recognize and adopt Consent Awareness Week due to the adoption of Bill 18, which was first enacted in  2022. The bill emphasizes “consent culture,” changing the narrative of sex to be centred on mutual consent. Consent culture does not force anyone into anything; it respects bodily autonomy and is based on the belief that people can only judge their own needs. Consent culture comes into play when discussing section 273 of the Criminal Code relating to sexual assault. 

Section 273.1: Sexual assault occurs if a person is touched in any way that interferes with their sexual integrity.` This includes kissing, touching, intercourse and any other sexual activity without their consent.

Greater understanding that lack of consent is not only morally wrong it is a severe criminal offence charged by law. 

Consent Awareness Week is a crucial annual event to promote a deeper understanding of consent, foster respectful behaviour, and address the pressing issue of sexual misconduct. It stresses the importance of informed choices, open dialogue, and the right to safety and respect for all individuals in every facet of their lives. By engaging in educational activities and promoting conversations this week, society is closer to building a culture of consent, accountability, and empathy.

What you can do to help fight for consent awareness: 

1. Share resources on social media 

2. Educate those around you 

3. Educate yourself to further your understanding 

4. Never stop learning 

5. Sign a petition to enact consent awareness week in your province/territory 

Useful resources: 

Action Now Atlantic - Action Now Atlantic is a campaign to end sexual and gender-based violence at universities in Atlantic Canada through education, advocacy, and community engagement. https://www.actionnowatlantic.ca/

The Bill Outlining Consent Awareness Week: https://www.ola.org/sites/default/files/node-files/bill/document/pdf/2022/2022-09/b018_e

5 Things You Can Do For Consent Awareness Week: https://www.couragetoact.ca/blog/caw2023

Sexual assault + Misconduct Definition https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/benefits-military/conflict-misconduc

Toronto Star: Universities Need Consent Awareness Week https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/universities-need-consent-awareness-week-in-ontario/article_314662fd-7f53-5cd4-81e6-67d058e3aefb.html

Uncovering the Ethical Dimensions of AI in Healthcare

By Sree Nair, General Member

In the age of artificial intelligence, the healthcare sector has been quick to embrace the potential of this groundbreaking technology. AI offers remarkable promise, from improving diagnostic accuracy to streamlining patient care. However, beneath the surface of innovation lies a complex web of ethical considerations, including racial and gender implications that demand our attention.

Artificial intelligence thrives on data; in healthcare, this data often includes sensitive patient information. Using data from diverse populations to train AI algorithms is laudable, aiming to reduce biases in the technology. Yet, it raises significant questions about privacy and confidentiality. Collecting and managing patient data is a responsibility that must be taken seriously. As we strive to improve healthcare outcomes, safeguarding patient privacy, and compassionate health information of marginalized populations, should remain a top priority.

Research indicates that machine learning algorithms have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity, leading to improved patient outcomes. For instance, preliminary studies in the United States have demonstrated that AI can classify lab samples with an astounding 99% sensitivity1. This breakthrough has far-reaching implications, particularly in the early detection of diseases like cancer. Additionally, AI is optimizing various aspects of healthcare, ranging from electronic records management to telehealth services, promising to revolutionize public health practices.

Whether conscious or unconscious, human biases can inadvertently infiltrate machine learning algorithms. When left unchecked, these biases can lead to disparities in healthcare outcomes, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. To combat biases effectively and create an equitable and unbiased application of AI in healthcare, diverse AI development teams must identify and address these biases during system design and training. Equally crucial is using data that represents the entire population when training AI models.

In conclusion, the widespread integration of AI in healthcare holds incredible promise for the future of medicine. However, as we navigate this frontier of innovation, we must remain acutely aware of the ethical considerations that accompany it. These include privacy questions, the responsible handling of patient data, and the critical need to combat biases that may inadvertently creep into AI systems. This leads to us asking: What role can we play in ensuring that AI, with its immense potential, catalyzes positive change in healthcare, benefiting patients of all backgrounds and advancing the quest for equality in medicine?

1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30295070/

* This article is based on a presentation titled "Racial and Gendered Implications of AI in Healthcare" by my two colleagues, Olivia Sue and Aishah, and I during the 2020 Beyond Boundaries conference at Queen's University.